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1) The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion is known as:

1. Pharmacotheraputics
2. Pharmacodynamics
3. Pharmacokinetics
4. Pharmacy

Reveal answer 2) The medical situation when a particular drug should not be administered is referred to as

1. side effect
2. adverse effect
3. drug allergy
4. contraindication

Reveal answer 3) An unusual or unexpected drug reaction by an individual is known as

1. toxic effect
2. antagonism
3. idiosyncrasy
4. side effect

Reveal answer 4) Th e proprietary drug name supplied by a pharmaceutical company is also referred to as the

1. generic name
2. over the counter name
3. trade name
4. chemical name

Reveal answer 5) The time from drug administration to the first observable drug effect is known as the

1. duration of action
2. maximal response
3. ceiling effect
4. onset of action

Reveal answer 6) a drug that has the potential for abuse and is regulated by the Drug Enforcement agency is classified as a

1. poison
2. OTC drug
3. prescription drug
4. controlled substance

Reveal answer 7) the study of the amount of drug administered to produce a therapeutic effect

1. posology
2. toxicology
3. pharmacodynamics
4. pharmacotherapeutics

Reveal answer 8) a medication that does not require a physicians service to obtain is referred to as

1. trade
2. nonproprietary
3. nonprescription
4. brand

Reveal answer 9) which of the following could be categorized as an adverse reaction?

1. drug allergy
2. teratogenicity
3. carcinogenicity
4. all of these

Reveal answer 10) the time a drug continues to produce effects is its

1. maximal response
2. ceiling effect
3. onset of action
4. duration of action

Reveal answer 11) drug administration route demonstrating slowest onset of action

1. inhalation
2. transdermal
3. intramuscular
4. sublingual

Reveal answer 12) in order for drugs to cross the blood brain barrier they must be

1. ionized
2. positively charged
3. water soluble
4. lipid soluble

Reveal answer 13) first pass metabolism refers to the metabolism of drugs in the

1. kidney
2. blood vessels
3. liver
4. heart

Reveal answer 14) Drugs that have demonstrated teratogenic effects in women are classified as Pregnancy Category

1. B
2. C
3. D
4. X

Reveal answer 15) when a drug increases the rate of drug metabolism of other drugs, it is called

1. first pass metabolism
2. enzyme induction
3. enzyme inhibition
4. enterohepatic cycling

Reveal answer 16) rate of drug absorption increased by

1. water solubility
2. positively charged drug
3. negatively charged drug
4. lipid solubility

Reveal answer 17) factor of individual variation is dependent upon patients attitude toward treatment

1. weight
2. age
3. genetic variation
4. placebo effect

Reveal answer 18) FDA pregnancy category that is the safest

1. Category A
2. Category B
3. Category C
4. Category D

Reveal answer 19) A 45-year-old female shop assistant is treated for heartburn with omeprazole. She notes that the effect of a dose of omeprazole lasts much longer than that of a dose of the antacid drug calcium carbonate she had previously taken. The active metabolite of omeprazole binds covalently and irreversibly to a molecular structure involved in releasing protons into the gastric juice. Drugs that modify their target structures through this mechanism are called

1. suicide substrates.
2. orphan drugs.
3. protein drugs.
4. competitive antagonists.

Reveal answer 20) A 56-year-old man with chest pain is diagnosed with stable angina and treated with several drugs including nitroglycerin. Every day he has to discontinue nitroglycerin for some hours to re-establish reactivity of his body to the drug. The clinical observation of a rapidly decreasing response to nitroglycerin after administration of just a few doses is called

1. idiosyncrasy.
2. tachyphylaxis.
3. heterologous desensitization.
4. refractoriness.

Reveal answer 21) Prolonged receptor stimulation during chronic drug therapy may induce cells to endocytose and sequester drug receptors in endocytic vesicles. This molecular mechanism is called

1. tachyphylaxis
2. inactivation
3. desensitization
4. downregulation

Reveal answer 22) lowers efficacy

1. -competitive antagonist
2. -partial agonist
3. - inverse agonist
4. -share receptor

Reveal answer 23) A 16-year-old female with a history of goiter is admitted with fever, profuse sweating, tachyarrhythmia, hypertension, abdominal pain, and anxiety. Based on a working diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis, she is started on a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist that has a very short half-life. Regarding the mechanism by which the drug ameliorates the toxic effects of excessive thyroxine levels, the drug acts as:

1. a physiologic antagonist.
2. a competitive receptor antagonist.
3. a noncompetitive receptor antagonist.
4. a partial agonist.

Reveal answer 24) the main pharmacologic effect of norepinephrine on alpha 1 receptors is

1. increased heart rate
2. broncodilation
3. vasoconstriction
4. contraction of urinary bladder

Reveal answer 25) The pharmacologic effect of IV metaraminol (an alpha-1 drug) is

1. vasodilation
2. vasoconstriction
3. cardiac stimulation
4. cardiac depression

Reveal answer 26) Epinephrine stimulates

1. alpha-2 receptors
2. beta-1 receptors
3. beta-2 receptors
4. all of these

Reveal answer 27) At therapeutic doses, albuterol stimulates

1. alpha-1 receptors
2. alpha-2 receptors
3. beta-1 receptors
4. beta-2 receptors

Reveal answer 28) Metoprolol is classified as a(n)

1. alpha-blocker
2. nonselective beta-blocker
3. selective beta-1 blocker
4. adrenergic neuronal blocker

Reveal answer 29) The mechanism of action of methyldopa is

1. increased release of NE from adrenergic nerve ending
2. alpha-1 receptor blocker
3. beta-1 receptor blocker
4. formation of a false transmitter in adrenergic nerve ending

Reveal answer 30) The drug of choice to treat acute allergic reactions is

1. norepinephrine
2. phenylephrine
3. pseudoephedrine
4. epinephrine

Reveal answer 31) Which of the following are actions of nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking drugs?

1. decreasing force of myocardial contraction
2. vasoconstriction of skeletal muscle blood vessels
3. lowering of blood pressure
4. all of these

Reveal answer 32) The actions of epinephrine (EPI) include which of the following?

1. vasoconstriction
2. relaxation of uterus
3. increased heart rate
4. all of these

Reveal answer 33) Parasympathetic receptors located on the membranes of the internal organs are classified as

1. alpha-1
2. nicotinic-neural (Nn)
3. nicotinic-muscle (Nm)
4. muscarinic

Reveal answer 34) Select the pharmacologic effect produced by cholinergic drugs.

1. increased heart rate
2. increased gastrointestinal motility
3. decreased urination
4. pupillary dilation

Reveal answer 35) Physostigmine (Eserine ) is classified as a(n)

1. direct-acting cholinergic drug
2. reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
3. irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
4. anticholinergic drug

Reveal answer 36) Symptoms of cholinergic drug overdosage include

1. increased urination
2. diarrhea
3. sweating
4. all of these

Reveal answer 37) Anticholinergic effects include all of the following except

1. bronchodilation
2. increased heart rate
3. increased gastrointestinal activity
4. decreased respiratory secretions

Reveal answer 38) The antidote for atropine poisoning is

1. scopolamine
2. bethanechol
3. neostigmine
4. physostigmine

Reveal answer 39) Pick the correct pharmacological effect(s) of direct-acting cholinergic drugs.

1. urinary retention
2. increased heart rate
3. bronchodilation
4. none of these

Reveal answer 40) Which of the following would be a preferred treatment for overactive bladder?

1. neostigmine
2. tolterodine
3. physostigmine
4. bethanechol

Reveal answer 41) Which of the following is correct about the nicotinic-muscle (Nm) receptor blocking drugs?

1. the mechanism of action is the same as represented by dantrolene
2. all of these drugs depolarize the muscle fiber before blockade occurs
3. calcium ions are released from the storage sites
4. there are two groups in this class: either depolarizing agents or nondepolarizing agents

Reveal answer 42) Succinylcholine is associated with which of the following actions?

1. stimulation of the actin and myosin muscle fibrils directly
2. liver damage because the drug is metabolized only by the liver
3. peripheral neuromuscular receptor blockade after stimulating the Nm receptors
4. longer duration of action than vecuronium

Reveal answer 43) In the presynaptic terminal of neuronal cells, the immediate trigger to release a neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft is

1. a drop in cytosolic Ca2+.
2. a drop in cytosolic K+.
3. a rise in cytosolic Ca2+.
4. a drop in cytosolic Mg2+.

Reveal answer 44) A 17-year-old girl with suspected intrinsic asthma but nearly normal results on spirometry and flow volume testing takes a methacholine provocative test. The mechanism of action of methacholine most closely resembles that of

1. hemicholinium.
2. acetylcholine.
3. edrophonium.
4. succinylcholine.

Reveal answer 45) In the case above, Physostigmine is preferred over neostigmine because:

1. -it is a nonpolar compound that penetrates the CNS more easily than neostigmine.
2. -it has a shorter half-life than neostigmine, making it more useful for emergency treatment.
3. -it has a longer half-life than neostigmine, better matching the half-life of atropine.
4. -it is eliminated via the kidneys, and dosage is not critical with compromised liver function.

Reveal answer 46) Which of the following is a correct statement?

1. opioid analgesics produce little or no respiration depression with long-term use of analgesic doses
2. opioid antagonists include endorphins
3. all drugs in the opioid analgesic group are controlled substances, Schedule III
4. in low doses, opioids produce nausea and vomiting

Reveal answer 47) Oxycodone in therapeutic doses can stimulate mu receptors to cause

1. hyperventilation and deep breathing
2. bronchospasms
3. spasmogenic activity in the ureters and sphincter muscle
4. relaxation of the skeletal muscles controlling posture (spasmolytic)

Reveal answer 48) Opioid analgesics are used in which of the following settings?

1. induction of Monitored Anesthesia Care and treatment of chronic severe pain
2. routine treatment of migraine
3. unmonitored treatment of chronic severe pain
4. analgesia for patients with paralytic ileus

Reveal answer 49) Which of the following is a correct statement?

1. endorphin is an abbreviation from the terms meaning inside the organ
2. endogenous opioid receptors include mu, alpha-2 adrenergic, and delta receptors
3. agonism means the drug occupies the receptor and causes a response
4. opioid agonism means the drug occupies the receptor and stimulates the release of endorphins

Reveal answer 50) Which of the following drugs has a recognized medical therapy and does not interact with opioid receptors?

1. heroin
2. codeine
3. methadone
4. acetaminophen

Reveal answer 51) All opioid analgesics are associated with which of the following?

1. reversal of respiratory depression from barbiturates
2. use only for the relief of acute pain
3. cough suppression alone or in combination with other analgesics over-the-counter
4. tolerance develops to the analgesic response

Reveal answer 52) Fentanyl is an opioid analgesic that

1. can be used for relief of cancer pain
2. has many formulations (lozenge, film) because it is used routinely in dental surgery
3. induces neuropathic pain
4. primarily works on peripheral nerve endings rather than higher centers

Reveal answer 53) Sharp pain is transmitted through which type of nerve fibers?

1. unmyelinated
2. myelinated A-delta
3. CTZ
4. C fibers

Reveal answer 54) Opioid drugs are derived from which of the following?

1. opium
2. chemical synthesis
3. alkaloids
4. all of these

Reveal answer 55) Select the adverse effects of opioid analgesics.

1. constipation
2. polyuria
3. convulsions
4. mydriasis

Reveal answer 56) During tolerance to opioid analgesics, the following is happening.

1. fewer receptors are available to produce a response
2. increased pain by the patient requires greater doses of medication
3. the body reacts to removal of the opioid analgesic
4. histamine release causes hypotension

Reveal answer 57) What is the best reason for using a balanced anesthesia strategy?

1. producing complementary effects using a few drugs avoids unnecessary intense (deep) CNS depression with one anesthetic to achieve the same effect
2. the concentration of volatile anesthetic in the alveoli is balanced against the amount of anesthetic in the blood
3. less monitoring of anesthesia is required
4. fewer patients experience emergence delirium

Reveal answer 58) Why is propofol a drug of choice for induction and maintenance of anesthesia?

1. it is a potent analgesic at all doses
2. it slowly brings the patient to the stage of surgical anesthesia
3. it is a complete anesthetic with a quick onset of action and recovery period uncomplicated by nausea and vomiting
4. it is administered by special vaporizer to avoid mask delivery

Reveal answer 59) Which of the following is NOT correct?

1. ketamine causes chloride ions to flow out of the nerve cell by binding to GABA
2. propofol binds to the GABA A receptor and enhances hyperpolarization of the neuron
3. barbiturates and propofol act on the receptor and directly on the chloride channel
4. potent anesthetics enhance GABA A receptor function

Reveal answer 60) Which of the following major routes remove etomidate and midazolam from the body?

1. hepatic metabolism and renal excretion
2. excretion through the lungs and sweating
3. accumulation in fat tissue and redistribution
4. increased salivation and bile production

Reveal answer 61) Select the types of anesthesia in which there is no loss of consciousness.

1. local anesthesia
2. Monitored Anesthesia Care
3. general anesthesia
4. balanced anesthesia

Reveal answer 62) Choose the correct class of general anesthetics.

1. intravenous
2. dissociative anesthesia
3. oral
4. topical

Reveal answer 63) Which drugs would be used as adjunct therapy to anesthesia?

1. antiarrhythmics
2. antianxiety, short-acting CNS depressants like midazolam
3. anticholinergics
4. all of these

Reveal answer 64) Barbiturate and benzodiazepine hypnotics both

1. increase NREM stage 2 sleep
2. increase REM sleep
3. increase NREM stage 4 sleep
4. cause REM rebound

Reveal answer 65) Disadvantages to the use of barbiturate hypnotics include

1. development of drug tolerance
2. risk of drug dependency
3. disruption of normal stages of sleep
4. suppression of REM sleep

Reveal answer 66) The correct statement concerning the use of hypnotic drugs is

1. zolpidem binds to the GABA receptor
2. benzodiazepines increase chloride channel opening
3. barbiturates block the GABA receptor
4. ramelteon is a melatonin antagonist

Reveal answer 67) Flurazepam

1. is classified as long-acting
2. forms active metabolites
3. may cause next-day residual effects
4. increases chloride ion influx

Reveal answer 68) Eszopiclone

1. is classified as a benzodiazepine
2. has a half-life of 1-2 hours
3. increases total sleep time
4. is used as an antianxiety agent

Reveal answer 69) Zolpidem

1. binds to the alpha-1 subunit of the GABA A receptor
2. is useful as a muscle relaxant
3. has a slow onset of action
4. is useful as an anticonvulsant

Reveal answer 70) The main pharmacologic effect of the SSRIs is

1. increase levels of norepinephrine
2. increase levels of serotonin
3. decrease levels of norepinephrine
4. decrease levels of serotonin

Reveal answer 71) The pharmacologic effects of TCAs include

1. antihistaminic
2. anticholinergic
3. sedation
4. all of these

Reveal answer 72) The serotonin syndrome is mainly associated with overdosage of

1. tricyclic antidepressants
2. monoamine oxidase inhibitors
3. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
4. psychomotor stimulants

Reveal answer 73) The main pharmacologic effects of TCAs on neurotransmitter activity is

1. increase norepinephrine
2. increase acetylcholine
3. increase serotonin
4. increase norepinephrine and serotonin only

Reveal answer 74) Venlafaxine (Effexor) is classified as

1. MAOI
2. TCA
3. SSRI
4. SNRI

Reveal answer 75) Adverse effects of TCAs include

1. cardiac arrhythmias
2. convulsions
3. postural hypotension
4. all of these

Reveal answer 76) Which of these represents the drug that is not correctly matched with its drug classification?

1. paroxetine—SSRI
2. amitriptyline—TCA
3. methylphenidate—MAOI
4. duloxetine—SNRI

Reveal answer 77) Which drug requires a dietary restriction for foods containing tyramine?

1. nortriptyline (TCA)
2. tranylcypromine (MAOI)
3. venlafaxine (SNRI)
4. fluoxetine (SSRI)

Reveal answer 78) The site of action of diazepam (Valium) to relieve anxiety is the

1. spinal cord
2. limbic system
3. reticular formation
4. basal ganglia

Reveal answer 79) The antianxiety effect of buspirone (BuSpar) is associated with

1. stimulation of DA receptors
2. stimulation of serotonin receptors
3. blockage of serotonin receptors
4. blockade of dopamine receptors

Reveal answer 80) Flumazenil (Romazicon) is used to reverse the depressant effects of

1. clozapine
2. alprazolam (benzodiazepine)
3. haloperidol
4. chlorpromazine

Reveal answer 81) What are the main areas at which benzodiazepines exert their effects?

1. cerebral cortex
2. reticular formation
3. spinal cord
4. all of these

Reveal answer 82) Symptoms of Parkinson's disease would be increased by

1. treatment with some antipsychotic drugs
2. decreased levels of dopamine
3. drug administration after a high-protein meal
4. all of these

Reveal answer 83) The drug classified as a dopamine receptor agonist is

1. amantadine
2. benztropine
3. ropinirole
4. entacapone (COMT)

Reveal answer 84) Select the drugs that increase the duration of action of DA and/or the amount of levodopa that enters the brain.

1. tolcapone
2. selegiline
3. rasagiline
4. all of these

Reveal answer 85) In Parkinson's disease, slowed movements are defined as

1. rigidity
2. bradykinesia
3. tremor
4. dystonia

Reveal answer 86) Sinemet is the trade name of a drug combination that contains levodopa and

1. carbidopa and entacapone
2. entacapone
3. carbidopa
4. selegiline

Reveal answer 87) The COMT inhibitor that has been associated with causing liver toxicity is

1. ropinirole
2. entacapone
3. pramipexole
4. tolcapone

Reveal answer 88) Select the symptoms of Parkinson's disease

1. increased sweating
2. salivary drooling
3. movement disturbances
4. all of these

Reveal answer 89) Which of the following drugs would be used to decrease the actions of ACH?

1. amantadine
2. levodopa
3. bromocriptine
4. procyclidine

Reveal answer 90) Select the mechanisms by which levodopa works.

1. converted to dopamine in the substantia nigra neurons
2. increases level of dopamine in the brain
3. peripheral metabolism to DA inhibited by carbidopa
4. all of these

Reveal answer 91) Apomorphine is classified as

1. MAO-B inhibitor
2. dopamine receptor agonist
3. COMT inhibitor
4. anticholinergic drug

Reveal answer 92) The muscarinic receptor that couples to G proteins responsible for adenylyl cyclase inhibition and plays a key role in cholinergic input to the heart is classified as

1. muscarinic-M1 receptor.
2. muscarinic-M2 receptor.
3. muscarinic-M3 receptor.
4. muscarinic-M4 receptor.

Reveal answer 93) Which of these is a major determinant for the selectivity of a drug?

1. Its target receptor ligand affinity
2. Its target receptor cell-type distribution
3. Its ionic interactions
4. Its hydrogen bonding

Reveal answer

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