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1) The cosine of 90 degrees is

1. -1
2. -.5
3. 0
4. .5

Reveal answer 2) In order to image deeper structures, _______.

1. the TGC needs to be increased
2. the PRF needs to be increased
3. the frame rate needs to be increased
4. the PRF needs to be decreased

Reveal answer 3) If the PRF of a real time system is 2200 Hz, the maximum depth of imaging would be ________.

1. 35cm
2. 30 mm
3. 30cm
4. 35mm

Reveal answer 4) All of the following are disadvantages of analog scan converter except:

1. image fade
2. image flicker
3. deterioration
4. Low resolution image

Reveal answer 5) Period is the _____ it takes for one _____ to occur.

1. time; wavelength
2. frequency; cycle
3. time; pulse
4. time; cycle

Reveal answer 6) The rate at which energy passes through a unit area is called____.

1. Intensity
2. attenuation
3. power
4. amplitude

Reveal answer 7) Vertical parallel scan lines are seen with which transducer format?

1. Curvilinear
2. linear
3. vector
4. convex

Reveal answer 8) Sonography is medicla anatomic imaging using a ______-______ technique.

1. transducer instrument
2. starting point
3. vertical parallel
4. pulse echo

Reveal answer 9) If two variable are inversely proportional, if one decreased by a factor of 5, then the other

1. decreases
2. decreases by a factor of 5
3. increases
4. increased by a factor of 5

Reveal answer 10) Stiffer media have ______ sound speeds.

1. stiffness doesn't change the propagation speed
2. lower
3. higher
4. sound cannot propagate through stiffer media

Reveal answer 11) Sequenced, phased, and vector are types of:

1. operations
2. transducers
3. constructions
4. focusing

Reveal answer 12) Waves that exist at the same location and time will combine together. What is this called?

1. rarefaction
2. interference
3. inference
4. mechanical interaction

Reveal answer 13) Mirror image artifact is a form of:

1. reverberation
2. Grating Lobes
3. speed error
4. refraction

Reveal answer 14) Regions of lower pressure and density are called

1. compressions
2. longitudinal waves
3. rarefactions
4. acoustic variables

Reveal answer 15) Snell's law relates the _____ beam direction to the incident beam direction and the speeds of sound in the two materials forming the interface?

1. transmitted
2. rarefaction
3. Scattering
4. reflected

Reveal answer 16) What is the attenuation coefficient for a 5.0 MHz transducer in soft tissue?

1. 10.0 dB/cm
2. .1 dB/cm
3. 2.5 dB/cm
4. .25dB/cm

Reveal answer 17) Diagnostic Ultrasound transducer generate a ______ of sound into the body?

1. Pulse
2. wave
3. frequency
4. Doppler

Reveal answer 18) Amplitude is the maximum variation that occurs in an acoustic ______.

1. variable
2. propagation speed
3. Wave
4. medium

Reveal answer 19) If the wavelength is .5 mm the spatial pulse length for a 4 cycle pulse is:

1. 0mm
2. .8mm
3. 8.0mm
4. .2mm

Reveal answer 20) Attenuation increased with increasing ____.

1. power
2. wavelenght
3. pressure
4. frequency

Reveal answer 21) Gray-scale artifacts include all of teh following except:

1. mirror image
2. aliasing
3. range ambiguity
4. shadowing

Reveal answer 22) Ultrasound pulses contain a range of frequencies called the _______.

1. fundamental frequencies
2. duty factor
3. bandwidth
4. pulse repetition frequenc

Reveal answer 23) Persistence does all of the following except:

1. increase contrast resolution
2. Increase frame rate
3. improve dynamic range
4. decrease speckle

Reveal answer 24) As sound travels, the reduction in amplituded and intensity of the wave is called?

1. attenuation
2. absorption
3. reflection
4. scattering

Reveal answer 25) Old echo information from previous frames is retained while the new echoes are added to the image in the direction in which the scan plane is moving is called______.

1. spatial compounding
2. pixel interpolation
3. panoramic imaging
4. harmonic imaging

Reveal answer 26) Pulse repetition frequency is the ____ of pulses occuring in 1 second.

1. speed
2. number
3. type
4. cycle

Reveal answer 27) The wavelength of 3 MHz ultrasound in soft tissue is _____ mm.

1. 1
2. .51
3. 510
4. 4.6

Reveal answer 28) What is the travel time in microseconds for US to image a structure that is 5cm deep?

1. 5
2. 13
3. 65
4. 130

Reveal answer 29) To receive information for display at a rapid rate, it is desirable to use a _______.

1. high operating frequency
2. low PRF
3. lower operating frequency
4. high PRF

Reveal answer 30) The PRF is the number of _______sent to the transducer each second.

1. none of the answers
2. cycles
3. ultrasound pulses
4. voltage pulses

Reveal answer 31) Mirror imaging of a Doppler spectrum can ________.

1. appear on teh oposite side of the baseline
2. Occur when the Doppler angle is near 90 degrees
3. occur when the receiver gain is set too high
4. all of the above

Reveal answer 32) Ultrasound pulses contain a range of frequencies called the ______.

1. bandwidth
2. duty factor
3. fundamental frequencies
4. pulse repetition frequencies

Reveal answer 33) Propagation speed is higher in _____ than soft tissue.

1. bone
2. lung
3. fat
4. water

Reveal answer 34) ____ is the number of complete cycles per second.

1. Period
2. Wavelength
3. Frequency
4. Propagation speed

Reveal answer 35) The attenuation of a 5 MHz tranducer in soft tissue would be _____ dB in 2 cm of depth.

1. 20
2. 10
3. 5
4. 1.25

Reveal answer 36) What is the period of a 5.0 MHz in soft tissue.

1. 02 us
2. .2 us
3. 3.1 us
4. .2 sec

Reveal answer 37) What is the maximum depth in soft tissue for a PRF of 10kHz.

1. 5 mm
2. 7.7 mm
3. 7.7 cm
4. 7.5 cm

Reveal answer 38) Frequency _____ wavelength.

1. is equal to
2. has no bearing on
3. is inversely proportional to
4. is directly proportional to

Reveal answer 39) A sonographer adjusts an ultrasound scan to double the depth of view from 5 cm to 10 cm. If the frame rate remains the same, which one of the following also occurs?

1. increased the line density
2. narrower sector
3. mulit focused imaging turned on
4. wider sector

Reveal answer 40) Impedance is equal to density multiplied by ____

1. wavelength
2. path length
3. stiffness
4. propagational speed

Reveal answer 41) Regions of lower pressure and density are called _____.

1. longitudinal waves
2. compressions
3. acoustic variables
4. rarefactions

Reveal answer 42) A sonographer using a phased array ultrasound system, turns off the multi-focus feature. What is most likely consequence of this action?

1. temporal resolution improves
2. frame rate decreases
3. temporal resolution degrades
4. imaging depth increases

Reveal answer 43) Electronic scanning is performed by _____.

1. mechanical transducers
2. array transducers
3. sector transducers
4. linear transducers

Reveal answer 44) _____ array is the combination of linear and phased array operations.

1. phased
2. convex
3. vector
4. interventional

Reveal answer 45) Beneficial artifacts include all of the following except:

1. reverberation
2. Enchancement
3. shadowing

Reveal answer 46) Which of the following would be least likely to cause acoutic shadowing?

1. Urinary bladder
2. uterine fibroid
3. gallstone
4. bowel gas

Reveal answer 47) The frequency of the ______ determines the frequency of the resulting ultrasound pulse.

1. voltage pulse
2. bandwidth
3. beam former
4. operating frequency

Reveal answer 48) The shadowing and enhancement are description of __________ artifacts?

1. attenuation
2. refraction
3. propagation
4. reverberation

Reveal answer 49) In oblique incidence the ____ and ____ angles are always equal.

1. normal ; transmitted
2. incidence; transmitted
3. incidence; reflection
4. transmitted; reflected

Reveal answer 50) With too much gain, __________.

1. saturation occurs
2. differenced in echo strenghth are lost
3. there is a decrease in contrast resolution
4. All of the above

Reveal answer 51) To avoid echo misplacement:

1. a code is added to the pulser
2. multiple receivers are installed
3. all echoes from one pulse must be received before the next pulse is emitted

Reveal answer 52) Which of the following forms of resolution improved when frame rate increases?

1. temporal
2. lateral
3. longitudinal
4. spatial

Reveal answer 53) Which artifact displaces structures axially?

1. Refraction
2. Speed Error
3. Reverberation
4. Grating lobes

Reveal answer 54) Range ambiguity can occur in which of the following?

1. Pulsed Doppler instruments
2. Color doppler instruments
3. Duplex instruments
4. All of the above

Reveal answer 55) The fraction of time that pulsed US is on is called____?

1. PRP
2. DF
3. Period
4. SPL

Reveal answer 56) 20 kHz is equal to _____ Hz.

1. 200,000
2. 2000
3. 20,000
4. 200

Reveal answer 57) If the PD is 3 u and the PRP is 35-0 usec, the DF is _____%?

1. 6
2. 1.16
3. .86
4. 086

Reveal answer 58) Calculate the pulse duration for a 3. MHz transducer in soft tissue with a 4 cycle pulse.

1. 2 micro second
2. 12. micro second
3. 13. micro second
4. 1.3 micro second

Reveal answer 59) a bit memory has an _______ shade memory.

1. 4
2. 8
3. 256
4. 16

Reveal answer 60) Pulse duration will increase with all the following except?

1. period
2. number of cycles in the pulse
3. Frequency
4. None of the above

Reveal answer 61) All of the following are advantages of PACS systems except:

1. older, archieve studies and reports an be reviewed easliy
2. images have hight resolution than what appears on the systems display
3. data will not deteriorate
4. images can be delivered to distant location on the imaging netork

Reveal answer 62) Which term describes the number of cycles that an acoustic variable completes in a second?

1. period
2. frequency
3. variable rate
4. PRP

Reveal answer 63) Enhancement of an echo results from a structure having ______.

1. higher attenuation than surrounding structures
2. higher impedance than surrounding structures
3. lower density than surrounding structures
4. lower attenuation than structures

Reveal answer 64) Refraction may display ______

1. 1 incorrect structure shape
2. incorrect structure size
3. incorrect structure location
4. all of the above

Reveal answer 65) Which of the following will NOT result in a shorter pulse duration?

1. using a higher frequency
2. using a shorter period
3. a lower propagaion velocity
4. suing few pulses

Reveal answer 66) Sound requires a ________ through which to travel.

1. wave
2. pressure
3. vacuum
4. medium

Reveal answer 67) If you employ a 7.5 MHz transducer, what is the wavelength of the sound in soft tissue.

1. 1mm
2. .11mm
3. 025mm
4. .20mm

Reveal answer 68) What is the maximum penetration depth with a frame rate of 32 frames per second and a line density of 100 lines per fram and using only one focus.

1. 24 mm
2. 12 cm
3. 20 cm
4. 24 cm

Reveal answer 69) The impedance of the matching layer is _______.

1. less than the value between the transducer element and tissue
2. equal to the tissue
3. greater than the value between the transducer element and tissue
4. intermediate value between the transducer element and tissue

Reveal answer 70) To receive information for display at a rapid rate, it is desirable to use a _______.

1. high operating frequency
2. lower operating frequency
3. Low PRF
4. high PRF

Reveal answer 71) The _______ is the number of sonographic images entered into memory per second.

1. cine loop
2. frame rate
3. image refresh rate
4. PRF

Reveal answer 72) If an echo returns 104u after a pulse was emitted by a transducer, at what depth is the structure that produced the echo located?

1. 8mm
2. 8.mm
3. 80.cm
4. 8.cm

Reveal answer 73) The attenuation of a 5.0MHz transducer at a depth of 4cm is _____ dB.

1. 20. dB
2. 16.0 dB
3. 1.6 dB
4. 10. dB

Reveal answer 74) Which of the following is the most important in determining the frame rate of the system?

1. transmitter output
2. tranducer frequency
3. speed of sound in the medium
4. dynamic range of the received

Reveal answer 75) Propagation speed is primarily determined by the _____ of the medium.

1. stiffness
2. density
3. thickness
4. water

Reveal answer 76) the range of frequencies found within a pulse describes with of the following terms?

1. pulse repetition frequency
2. harmonics
3. bandwidth
4. duty factor

Reveal answer 77) If you switch to a lower frequency for penetration, the wavelength of the transducer will ______?

1. remain unchanged
2. double
3. increase
4. decrease

Reveal answer 78) The duty factor will increase with all of the following except.

1. period
2. pulse duration
3. PRF
4. none of the above

Reveal answer 79) Brightness mode is term?

1. gray-scale
2. B-Mode
3. B-Scan
4. All of the above

Reveal answer 80) What is the PD equal to?

1. frequency × period
2. period × wavelength
3. # of cycles in a pulse/wavelength
4. period × # of cycles in the pulse

Reveal answer 81) A sonographer adjusts an ultrasound scan to double the depth of view from 5 cm to 10 cm. What happens to the frame rate?

1. it is doubled
2. it is halved
3. it is unchanged

Reveal answer 82) If the beam power increases, intensity will _______.

1. remain unchanged
2. double
3. increase
4. decrease

Reveal answer 83) Which of the following are averaging techniques of an ultrasound system?

1. parallel processing
2. pixel interpolation
3. smoothing
4. persistence

Reveal answer 84) A rectangular image display would be seen when using a ________ transducer?

1. convex
2. sector
3. linear
4. vector

Reveal answer 85) 3D imaging requires many adjacent tissue ____ ____ to build the image.

1. frequency shifts
2. ultrasound pulses
3. moving objects
4. cross sections

Reveal answer 86) If two variables are directly proportional, if one increases by a factor of 5, then the other

1. decreases
2. decreases by a factor of 5
3. increases
4. increases by a factor of 5

Reveal answer 87) Which resolution relates to more directly to transducers?

1. temporal
2. Vectoral
3. contrast
4. detail

Reveal answer 88) What does 3 dB of attenuation mean?

1. one third of the original intensity
2. one half of the original intensity?
3. increasing amplitude
4. 4 decibels more than the original intensity

Reveal answer 89) If the speed of sound in a medium is 100m/sec, how long will it take sound to travel 420m?

1. .42 sec
2. 4.2 sec
3. 42 sec
4. 420sec

Reveal answer 90) The wavelenght of 3 MHz US in soft tissue is ______ mm.

1. 0.51
2. 5.1
3. 510
4. 4.6

Reveal answer 91) In order to image deep structures __________.

1. the TGC needs to be increased
2. the PRF needs to be decreased
3. the frame rate needs to be increased
4. the PRF needs to be increased

Reveal answer 92) The following are all ultrasound frequencies except:

1. 30,000 Hz
2. 250.0kHz
3. 15.0 kHz
4. .30 Hz

Reveal answer 93) What is the SPL of a 4 cycle pulse with a wavelength of 0.1mm ?

1. .4mm
2. .4cm
3. 4.0 mm
4. 40.mm

Reveal answer 94) ______ is the number of complete cycles per second.

1. period
2. propagation speed
3. wavelength
4. Frequency

Reveal answer 95) Intensity is equal to the power of a wave dived by the _____ over which the power is spread.

1. area
2. diameter
3. radius
4. width

Reveal answer 96) Which of the following characteristic will create the slowest speed of sound?

1. High density, high stiffness
2. low density, high stiffness
3. high density, low stiffness
4. low density, low stiffness

Reveal answer 97) _____ is (are) the even and odd multiples of the fundamental frequency.

1. side lobes
2. Harmonics
3. mechancial waves
4. bandwidth

Reveal answer 98) All of the following are advantages of spatial compounding except:

1. echo information is added from previous frames
2. specular surfaces are presented more completely
3. speckle reduction
4. surfaces are interogated at more than one angle

Reveal answer 99) The ________ format determines the starting points and paths for the individual scan.

1. location
2. display
3. scan
4. image

Reveal answer 100) The attenuation of a 5.0 MHz transducer at a depth of 4cm is _____dB.

1. 6 dB
2. 10 dB
3. 20 dB
4. 16. dB`

Reveal answer 101) The PRF is ________ Hz if ther are 30 fram per secon and 40 lines per frame.

1. 12,000
2. 1200
3. 12
4. 120

Reveal answer 102) Which resolution depends on penetration depth, lines per frame, and the number of focuses.

1. Temporal
2. Contrast
3. Detail
4. Axial

Reveal answer 103) A _______ scan is shaped like a slice of pie?

1. convex
2. curivilinear
3. sector
4. linear

Reveal answer 104) The functions of a beam former aer all of the following except:

1. compress the dynamic range
2. direct, focus, and apodize the transmitted beam
3. determine the PRF
4. compensate for attenuation

Reveal answer 105) How are axial and lateral resolutions artifactual?

1. Two adjacent structures seen as one
2. increase from actual size of structure
3. Failura to resolve a mass due to loss of detail
4. All of the above

Reveal answer 106) Stiffer media have _____ sound speeds.

1. Stiffness doesn't change the the propagation speed
2. sound cannot propagate through stiffer media
3. higher
4. lower

Reveal answer 107) As sound travels, the reduction in amplitude and intensity of the wave is called____.

1. reflection
2. scattering
3. attenuation
4. absorption

Reveal answer 108) What is the wavelength of a wave with an unknown frequency traveling in soft tissue?

1. .51 m/s
2. .51 pascals
3. 51 watts
4. .51 mm

Reveal answer 109) Which of the following is not a form of reverberation?

1. comet-tail
2. mirrior image
3. ring-down
4. speckle

Reveal answer 110) Propagations speed is primaritly determined by the _____ of the medium.

1. thickness
2. stiffness
3. density
4. water

Reveal answer 111) _______ is the even and odd multiples of the fundamental frequency.

1. bandwidth
2. mechancial waves
3. harmonics
4. side lobes

Reveal answer 112) Attenuation increases with increasing ______.

1. pressure
2. frequency
3. power
4. wavelength

Reveal answer 113) A _____ impedance of the transducer element allows more energy to transmit into the patient.

1. faster
2. slower
3. lower
4. higher

Reveal answer 114) Which resolution depends on penetration depth, lines per frame and the number of focuses?

1. axial
2. temporal
3. contrast
4. detail

Reveal answer 115) The most common artifact encounter in Doppler US is ________.

1. clutter
2. range ambiguity
3. aliasing
4. mirror image

Reveal answer 116) What are the two key issues concerning US data?

1. storage and displaying
2. receiving and storage
3. storage and compression
4. compression and displaying

Reveal answer 117) 20 kHz is equal to _____ Hz.

1. 200,000
2. 2000
3. 200
4. 20,000

Reveal answer 118) What is the attenuation coefficient for a 5. MHz transducer in soft tissue.

1. .25 dB/cm
2. 10. dB/cm
3. .1 dB/cm
4. 2.5 dB/cm

Reveal answer 119) The SPL will increase with all of the following except?

1. Number of cycles in the pulse
2. wavelength
3. frequency
4. None of the above

Reveal answer 120) Which of the following is not an image artifact?

1. Incorrect respresentation of motion in color
2. Anything not properly indicative of teh structures imaged
3. Errors in presentation of anatomic structures
4. None of the above

Reveal answer 121) The location of each dot corresponds to the _______ of the echo to return.

1. strength
2. pulse
3. time
4. frequency

Reveal answer 122) If the beam power increases, intensity will ____.

1. double
2. remain unchanged
3. decreased
4. increased

Reveal answer 123) Log (x/y) equals?

1. log × + log y
2. log × - log y
3. log × = log y
4. answer is not here

Reveal answer 124) Select the sequence that appears in increasing order.

1. milli, hecto, centi, deci, nano, giga
2. centi, deci, deca, hecto
3. namo, milli, micro, deci, deca, mega
4. mega, kilo, hecto, milli, giga

Reveal answer 125) The assumptions in teh design of sonographic instruments include all of the following except?

1. amplitude and intensity are properties of the structure
2. sound travels in a straight line
3. echoes originate from objects located on teh beam axis
4. sound travels at different speeds in soft tissues

Reveal answer 126) Which of the following approaches would yield the best imaging results on a large, difficult to image patient?

1. 6MHz transmit and recieive,.8 cm aperture
2. 1.4 MHz transmit, 2.8 Mhz receive, 1 cm aperture
3. 2MHz transmit, 4MHz receive, 1.8 cm aperture
4. 2.5 MHz transmit and receive and 2, cm aperture

Reveal answer 127) All of the following are true about a wide dynamic range except:

1. perferred for imaging abdominal organs
2. low contrast
3. high contrast
4. many shades of gray

Reveal answer 128) Which of the following would likely demonstrate acoustic enhancement?

1. Solid mass
2. gallstone
3. gallbladder
4. complex mass

Reveal answer 129) The distance to a reflector in soft tissue is 15 cm. What is th round trip time to this depth?

1. 11.5 micro second
2. 19.5 micro second
3. 195. micro second
4. 1.15 micro second

Reveal answer 130) If Frequency increases, period will _____.

1. increase
2. None of the above
3. decrease
4. remain unchanged

Reveal answer

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