Pharmacology Exam 2

reduce the number of T- and B-cells
increase the number of lymphocytes in the blood
inhibit synthesis of inflammatory mediators
reduce the number of T- and B-cells and inhibit synthesis of inflammatory mediators

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

Select the drug that is non cytotoxic

lefazathioprine
cyclophosphamide
cyclosporine
mycophenolate mofetil

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

Which of the following are uses for interferons?

hairy cell leukemia
lymphoma
multiple sclerosis and lymphoma
all of these

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

10)

A 52-year-old male heart transplant recipient is on an immunosuppressant regimen with cyclosporine, prednisolone, and azathioprine. Cyclosporine binds to cyclophilin. The resulting complex

inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, leading to inhibition of pyrimidine synthesis
inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, the rate limiting enzyme in the formation of guanosine
inhibits the phosphatase activity of calcineurin, a cell-signaling protein that mediates T-cell activation
inhibits mTOR, a regulator of protein translation

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

11)

The mechanism by which tacrolimus inhibits interleukin-2 (IL-2) production in activated T cells most closely resembles the pharmacodynamic action of

cyclosporine
sirolimus
mycophenolate mofetil
leflunomide

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

12)

A 15-year-old female has severe inflammatory bowel disease. She has been treated with mesalamine. Recently, frequent flares of her disease have increased the need for oral prednisone and antibiotics. Her gastroenterologist considers treatment with an anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF- ) antibody. This drug is most likely to be:

OKT3
rituximab
efalizumab
infliximab

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

13)

Select the ion movement that is associated with depolarization of ventricular muscle

Na ions move out of the cell
K ions move out of the cell
Na ions move into the cell
Ca ions move into the cell

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

14)

According to Vaughn-Williams, procainamide is classified as Class

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

15)

The pharmacologic effects of verapamil may include

decreased heart rate
decreased force of myocardial contraction
slowed AV conduction
vasodilation

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

16)

Select the ion that enters the cardiac cell during phase 2 of the cardiac cycle

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

17)

A class IB antiarrhythmic drug, like lidocaine, does which of the following?

mildly decrease in Phase 0 depolarization
prolongation of ventricular repolarization
decrease in AV conduction
increase in PR interval

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

18)

Select the actions of beta-blockers

decrease heart rate
increase AV conduction
decrease automaticity of ventricular muscle
decrease heart rate and decrease automaticity of ventricular muscle

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

19)

The therapeutic actions of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors include

elimination of sodium
venous dilation
increased bradykinin (a peptide cause blood vessel to dilate)
all of these

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

20)

The mechanism of action of triamterene (Dyrenium) is to

block aldosterone receptors
increase sodium excretion at loop of Henle
block sodium channels (ENaC) at nephron collecting ducts
increase the release of aldosterone

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

21)

The actions of digoxin (Lanoxin) include

inhibition of Na/K ATPase
increased calcium inside heart muscle
increase formation of actinomyosin
all of these

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

22)

The actions of carvedilol (Coreg) include

blockade of beta receptors
increased force of myocardial contraction
blockade of alpha-1 receptors
blockade of beta receptors and blockade of alpha-1 receptors

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

23)

The most effective drug to relieve edema and congestion in acute heart failure would be

hydralazine (Apresoline)
furosemide (Lasix)
metoprolol (Lopressor)
hydrochlorothiazide (HyroDIURIL)

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

24)

Which medication reduces edema by blocking the reabsorption of sodium in the distal tubules?

eplerenone
torsemide
triamterene
chlorothiazide

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

25)

Vasodilators decrease afterload by affecting

veins
arteries
the SA node
myocardial contraction

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

26)

The main effects of beta blockers include

slowing the heart rate
increasing the release of renin
increasing ADH
increasing aldosterone

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

27)

The primary site of action of thiazide diuretics in the nephron is

the proximal tubule
the loop of Henle
the distal convoluted tubule
the capsule area of glomerular filtration

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

28)

Loop diuretics increase the excretion of all of the following EXCEPT

chloride
water
potassium
glucose

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

29)

All of the following are true EXCEPT

anuria is a state where no urine is formed
the major tubular secretory function of the nephron includes hydrogen and potassium ions
uremia is an accumulation of nitrogen waste products
tubular reabsorption of water is diuresis

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

30)

All potassium-sparing diuretics

produce a mild diuresis without acid/base disturbance
inhibit aldosterone receptors
produce hypokalemia
produce similar adverse effects to thiazide diuretics

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

31)

Tubular reabsorption involves which of the following?

movement of small molecules into the glomerulus
nephron production of calcium carbonate
transport of ions into the blood
movement of potassium ions into circulation

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

32)

Select the areas of the kidneys where water is reabsorbed

glomerulus
proximal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts
uremic channel
zona glomerulosa

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

33)

Kidneys maintain acid balance in the body by which of the following actions?

tubular secretion of hydrogen ions
increasing the pH of the urine
neutralizing cell waste products
decreasing the production of bicarbonate ions

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

34)

The desired antihypertensive effects of adrenergic beta-blocking drugs include

decrease in heart rate
decrease in release of renin
decrease in cardiac output
only decrease in heart rate and decrease in cardiac output

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

35)

The antihypertensive action of hydrochlorothiazide (thiazide class) includes

reduction of blood volume
blockade of alpha adrenergic receptors
relaxation of vascular smooth muscle
only reduction of blood volume and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

36)

A decrease in the formation of angiotensin II and an increase in the concentration of bradykinin explains the vasodilator action of

alpha-blockers
beta-blockers
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
angiotensin receptor blockers

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

37)

The drug that is classified as an arterial vasodilator and that also has a direct effect to decrease heart rate and cardiac contractility is

verapamil
propranolol
prazosin
captopril

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

38)

The release of renin causes which of the following?

vasodilation
water excretion
decreased blood pressure
activation of angiotensin I

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

39)

Thiazide diuretics help treat hypertension by

decreasing peripheral resistance
increasing cardiac output
increasing excretion of sodium
only decreasing peripheral resistance and increasing excretion of sodium

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

40)

Clonidine works to reduce blood pressure by which of the following actions?

increasing sympathetic nerve activity
stimulating inhibitory alpha-2 receptors
decreasing release of renin
decreasing sympathetic nerve activity and decreasing release of renin

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

41)

Verapamil would be useful to treat hypertension in individuals who also suffer from

coronary artery disease
CHF
supraventricular arrhythmias
coronary artery disease and supraventricular arrhythmias

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

42)

Which of the following mechanisms of action is correct?

ezetimibe (Zetia) acts in the intestinal lumen to bind and trap cholesterol
fibric acid derivatives act at the brush border of the intestine wall
nicotinamide stimulates lipoprotein lipase to lower triglycerides
lovastatin inhibits an enzyme in the cholesterol synthetic pathway

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

43)

The greatest reduction in circulating LDL is associated with which hypolipidemic drug?

gemfibrozil (Lopid)
nicotinic acid (Niacor)
atorvastatin (Lipitor)
colesevelam (Welchol)

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

44)

All of the following are correct EXCEPT

LDL pulls cholesterol out of plaque and returns it to the liver
VLDL transports triglycerides
apolipoproteins B and E contain a cholesterol core to form LDL and HDL, respectively
foam cells are cholesterol-rich macrophages

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

45)

Which of the following are not risk factors for atherosclerosis?

smoker
hypothyroidism
low HDL levels
elevated HDL levels

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

46)

Which of these medications is NOT used to treat hyperlipidemia?

statins
thiazides
nicotinic acid
fibric acid derivatives

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

47)

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) work by doing which of the following?

blocking the intestinal absorption of cholesterol
inhibiting triglyceride lipase
inhibiting the production of mevalonic acid
decreasing hepatic VLDL-triglyceride synthesis

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

48)

The main therapeutic effects of the statins include

reducing LDL and CRP levels
reducing HDL levels
reducing hepatic CYP3A4 levels
reducing acetyl CoA levels

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

49)

The nitroglycerin dosage form providing the longest duration of action is

sublingual nitroglycerin tablets
nitroglycerin ointment
transdermal nitroglycerin
IV nitroglycerin (bolus injection)

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

50)

The therapeutic actions of propranolol to prevent anginal attacks include

reduced force of myocardial contraction
decreased oxygen consumption
decreased cardiac work
all of these

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

51)

The pharmacologic actions of verapamil include

decreased AV conduction
increased myocardial contraction
decreased heart rate
only decreased AV conduction and decreased heart rate

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

52)

In the treatment of variant angina, the drug that is an arterial dilator without direct effects on the heart is

nitroglycerin
metoprolol
nifedipine
verapamil

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

53)

The drug that is best described as a venodilator that decreases preload (venous return) in the treatment of angina is

propranolol
verapamil
nifedipine
isosorbide dinitrate

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

54)

The main mechanisms of action of nitrates include

increasing the venous return to the heart
reducing atherosclerosis in the arteries
increasing cardiac work
relaxation of systemic veins and arteries

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

55)

Propranolol works by doing which of the following?

decreasing cardiac work
decreasing force of contractions
decreasing oxygen consumption
all of these

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

56)

Variant angina is best treated with what types of medication?

calcium channel blockers
beta-blockers
nitrates
only calcium channel blockers and nitrates

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

57)

A hormone

rapidly responds to a stimulus
is a neurotransmitter
binds to specific receptors to produce its effects
produces nerve impulses

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

58)

Releasing hormones

travel along axons to the posterior pituitary
affect the secretion of hormones in the anterior pituitary
are released by the target organ to regulate hypothalamus
produce nerve impulses

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

59)

All hormones released by the anterior pituitary are regulated by

the hypothalamus
the posterior pituitary
the fat-soluble releasing hormones
TSH

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

60)

Dwarfism is caused by

elevated thyroid hormone production
decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
decreased growth hormone
high plasma glucose concentration

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

61)

A patient newly diagnosed with hyperthyroidism has blood drawn for labs. The physician tells the patient that his TRH function is normal as is the TSH level. Using negative feedback, which location is most likely secreting excess hormone?

CNS
anterior pituitary
hypothalamus
target organ (thyroid gland)

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

62)

Which is not a function of hormones?

conduct electrical impulses
regulate growth
control metabolism
help in reproduction

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

63)

Which of the following is true of the hypothalamus?

it controls the master gland it is composed of two main lobes
it is connected by a portal system to the posterior pituitary gland it releases luteinizing hormone
it is the target organ for growth hormone

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

64)

Choose the hormones whose target organs are the gonads of males and females

TSH
ACTH
LH, FSH
GH

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

65)

Water-soluble hormones work by

binding receptors on the cell membranes
crossing the plasma membrane
being second messengers
stimulating gene transcription

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

66)

Which of the following is true of the negative feedback system?

levels of circulating hormone always change suddenly and severely
the target organ turns off pituitary secretion
a baby suckling is an example of negative feedback
hormones are NOT controlled by this process

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

67)

Which of the following is correct about mineralocorticoids?

they are secreted by the adrenal medulla
the target organ is the pancreas
they cause excess excretion of sodium ions
their principle action is to reduce inflammation

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

68)

A patient presents with dehydration. Following ACTH administration, plasma cortisol levels cannot be detected. The most likely diagnosis for this patient is

Addison's disease (generate too little...)
Cushing's disease
thyroid disease
rheumatoid arthritis

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

69)

A patient taking prednisone long term (chronically) might develop which of the following adverse effects?

hypotension
bronchial asthma
weight loss
moon face or buffalo hump

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

70)

Which of the following is not a function of secreted glucocorticoids?

regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates
make new protein
retention of sodium
transcription of nucleus DNA

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

71)

Which of the following is not true of mineralocorticoids like fludrocortisone?

cause an increase in reabsorption of sodium
cause K ion transport to urine
regulate fluid balance
decrease inflammation

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

72)

Which of these effects is not associated with long-term steroidal hormone therapy?

obesity
thinning of skin
glaucoma
increased muscle strength

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

73)

In both males and females the hypothalamus secretes this hormone to stimulate the release of LH and FSH

testosterone
estrogen
GnRH
DHEA

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

74)

In the menstrual cycle which of the following hormones is responsible for ovulation?

FSH
hCG
LH
oxymetholone

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

75)

A mechanism by which oral contraceptives prevent ovulation includes

inhibiting the corpus luteum's production of progesterone
facilitating implantation to occur
increasing the levels of estrogen and progesterone
stimulating the release of LH and FSH

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

76)

The mechanism of drug action by which erectile dysfunction is treated

inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5
inhibition of GnRH
vasoconstriction of the blood vessels in the penis
stimulation of the release of testosterone

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

77)

Which of the following are true about oral contraceptives?

the hormone is delivered via a vaginal ring
they can be monophasic, biphasic, or triphasic
they can be administered as a spray
the doses of estrogen are at the highest effective coverage dose

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

78)

Which hormone is synthesized in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary?

insulin
thyroxine
cortisol
oxytocin

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

79)

During parturition (childbirth), oxytocin

stimulates uterine muscle contraction
increases urine output
inhibits preterm labor
decreases urine output

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

80)

Choose the correct action of antidiuretic hormone on the body

it increases urine output
it regulates water balance
the adrenal glands are its target organ
its secretion is controlled by ADH-releasing factor

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

81)

Which of the following is true?

oxytocin and ADH are both polypeptides
ADH is the only hormone secreted from the posterior pituitary
the release of ADH and oxytocin is caused by another hormone
ADH and oxytocin are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland vasopressin is the trade name for oxytocin

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

82)

The uses of oxytocin include