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Sections

1. Clinical chemistry
2. Exponents and logarithms
3. General chemistry
4. Hematology
5. Moles
6. pH
7. Significant digits and rounding
8. Solution preparation and dilutions
9. Statistics
10. Temperature
11. Units of measurement

Section 1: Clinical chemistry

1.1) To one decimal place, what is a glucose value of 91 mg/dL in mmol/L?

1. 5.1
2. 6.2
3. 7.3
4. 8.4

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 1.2) A 24-hour urine specimen has a volume of 1,500 mL and a total protein of 25 mg/dL. Calculate the urinary protein excretion in mg per 24 hours.

1. 60
2. 167
3. 375
4. 600

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 1.3) A patient has the following creatinine results:

Test	Result
Urine creatinine concentration	220 mg/dL
Serum creatinine concentration	2.2 mg/dL
24-hour urine volume	1800 mL

Calculate the creatinine clearance.

1. 125 mL/min
2. 275 mL/min
3. 350 mL/min
4. 715 mL/min

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 1.4) A patient's serum protein results are as follows:

Test	Result
Albumin	4.2 g/dL
Alpha₁	0.4 g/dL
Alpha₂	0.6 g/dL
Beta	1.3 g/dL
Gamma	0.5 g/dL

Calculate the patient's A/G ratio.

1. 1.2
2. 1.5
3. 2.2
4. 2.5

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 1.5) What is the formula for calculating the percent transmittance of a solution from its absorbance?

1. antilog (1 – absorbance)
2. antilog (2 – absorbance)
3. log (1 + absorbance)
4. log (2 + absorbance)

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 1.6) How does the Friedewald formula calculate LDL cholesterol?

1. Total cholesterol – HDL cholesterol – triglycerides
2. Total cholesterol – HDL cholesterol – triglycerides/5
3. Total cholesterol – HDL cholesterol/2.2 – triglycerides/10
4. Total cholesterol – HDL cholesterol/8.8 – triglycerides

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 1.7) A patient's serum protein results are as follows:

Test	Result
Total protein	6.6.g/dL
Albumin	3.3 g/dL
Alpha₁	0.2 g/dL
Alpha₂	0.7 g/dL
Beta	1.1 g/dL
Gamma	1.3 g/dL

Calculate the patient's A/G ratio.

1. 0.9
2. 1.0
3. 1.1
4. 1.2

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 1.8) A patient's cholesterol test results are as follows:

Test	Result
Triglycerides	220 mg/dL
Cholesterol	230 mg/dL
HDL	60 mg/dL

Calculate the patient's LDL.

1. 102 mg/dL
2. 112 mg/dL
3. 126 mg/dL
4. 138 mg/dL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 1.9) Beer's Law states that absorbance =

1. concentration × (molar attenuation coefficient / path length)
2. concentration × (path length / molar attenuation coefficient)
3. molar attenuation coefficient × (concentration / path length)
4. molar attenuation coefficient × concentration × path length

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 1.10) A 40-year-old man weighing 80 kg has a plasma creatinine level of 1.2 mg/dL. Using the Cockcroft-Gault formula, calculate the creatinine clearance in mL/min.

1. 32.8
2. 68.4
3. 92.6
4. 126.2

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 1.11) A patient's cholesterol test results are as follows:

Test	Result
Triglycerides	200 mg/dL
Cholesterol	300 mg/dL
HDL	70 mg/dL

From these results, calculate the patient's LDL.

1. 190 mg/L
2. 200 mg/L
3. 210 mg/L
4. 220 mg/L

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 1.12) A patient has the following lipid panel results:

Test	Result
Total cholesterol	160 mg/dL
LDL	100 mg/dL
VLDL	20 mg/dL
HDL	40 mg/dL
Triglycerides	150 mg/dL

Calculate the cholesterol ratio.

1. 0.25
2. 4
3. 50
4. 150

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 1.13) Use the results below to calculate the osmolal gap.

Test	Result
Sodium	140 mEq/L
Glucose	90 mg/dL
BUN	28 mg/dL
Measured osmolality	301 mOsm/kg

1. 1 mOsm/kg
2. 3 mOsm/kg
3. 6 mOsm/kg
4. 9 mOsm/kg

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 1.14) A patient's cholesterol test results are as follows:

Test	Result
Triglycerides	230 mg/dL
Cholesterol	280 mg/dL
HDL	55 mg/dL

Calculate the patient's LDL.

1. 119 mg/dL
2. 149 mg/dL
3. 159 mg/dL
4. 179 mg/dL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 1.15) A patient has a measured osmolality of 283 mOsm/kg and a calculated osmolality of 275 mOsm/kg. Calculate the osmolal gap.

1. 0.97 mOsm/kg
2. 1.03 mOsm/kg
3. 8 mOsm/kg
4. 556 mOsm/kg

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 1.16) Calculate the anion gap from these results:

Test	Result
Sodium	130 mEq/L
Potassium	5 mEq/L
Chloride	100 mEq/L
Bicarbonate	25 mEq/L

1. 5 mEq/L
2. 10 mEq/L
3. 15 mEq/L
4. 20 mEq/L

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 1.17) What is the solubility equilibrium formula?

1. Kₛₚ = [A⁺]ᵃ × [B⁻]ᵇ
2. Kₛₚ = [A⁺]ᵇ × [B⁻]ᵃ
3. Kₛₚ = [A⁻]ᵃ × [B⁺]ᵇ
4. Kₛₚ = [A⁻]ᵇ × [B⁺]ᵃ

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Section 2: Exponents and logarithms

2.1) 10³ equals:

1. 30
2. 100
3. 300
4. 1,000

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 2.2) In the equation 3² = 9, the number 2 is called the:

1. base
2. exponent
3. logarithm
4. reciprocal

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 2.3) An automated cell counter gives a result of 6,500 cells/mm³. However, the doctor's clinic requires the result in cells/L. What result should you report to the doctor?

1. 6.5 x 10⁶ cells/L
2. 6.5 x 10⁷ cells/L
3. 6.5 x 10⁸ cells/L
4. 6.5 x 10⁹ cells/L

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 2.4) Which of these numbers is twice as large as 2⁴?

1. 2⁵
2. 2⁶
3. 2⁷
4. 2⁸

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 2.5) If log₂x = 4, what is the value of x?

1. 2
2. 3
3. 8
4. 16

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 2.6) What does log₄64 equal?

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 2.7) What is the value of x in 2ˣ = 16?

1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 6

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 2.8) If log₃x = 3, what is the value of x?

1. 6
2. 9
3. 18
4. 27

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 2.9) What does log₂4 equal?

1. 6
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 2.10) What is 0.2 to the power of 3?

1. 8
2. 0.008
3. 0.6
4. 0.04

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 2.11) What is 5⁻²?

1. -25
2. -0.2
3. 0.04
4. 0.2

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Section 3: General chemistry

3.1) if the predicted yield is 20 g but the actual yield is only 15 g, what is the percentage yield?

1. 1.33%
2. 0.75%
3. 5%
4. 75%

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 3.2) What mass of iron is produced when 8 g of Fe₂O₃ reacts with carbon? (Assume iron has an atomic weight of 56, oxygen has an atomic weight of 16, and carbon has an atomic weight of 12.)

1. 5.6 g
2. 6.2 g
3. 7.8 g
4. 7.0 g

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 3.3) What is the empirical formula of C₈H₁₆O₄?

1. CHO
2. C₂H₄O
3. C₄H₈O₂
4. C₈H₁₆O₄

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 3.4) 8.0 g of magnesium oxide contains 4.8 g of magnesium and 3.2 g of oxygen. If the atomic mass of magnesium is 24 and the atomic mass of oxygen is 16, what is the empirical formula of magnesium oxide?

1. MgO
2. MgO₂
3. MgO₃
4. Mg₃O

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 3.5) If calcium has an atomic mass of 40, carbon has an atomic mass of 12, and oxygen has an atomic mass of 16, what is the relative formula mass of CaCO₃?

1. 68
2. 84
3. 116
4. 100

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 3.6) When heated, calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) decomposes to form calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). How much CO₂ would be produced when 100 g of CaCO₃ is heated? (Assume calcium has an atomic mass of 40, carbon has an atomic mass of 12, and oxygen has an atomic mass of 16.)

1. 22 g
2. 11 g
3. 33 g
4. 44 g

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 3.7) The predicted yield of a reaction was 100 g but the actual yield was 20 g. What was the percentage yield for the reaction?

1. 20%
2. 40%
3. 60%
4. 80%

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 3.8) When 24 g of carbon is burned in the air, 88 g of carbon dioxide is produced. What mass of carbon is needed to produce 22 g of carbon dioxide?

1. 3 g
2. 6 g
3. 9 g
4. 12 g

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 3.9) When 10.0 g of calcium carbonate is decomposed by heating, 4.4 g of carbon dioxide is produced. What mass of calcium carbonate is needed to produce 8.8 g of carbon dioxide?

1. 5 g
2. 10 g
3. 15 g
4. 20 g

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 3.10) When 12 g of substance A is burned, 20 g of substance B is produced. How much of substance B will be produced if 24 g of substance A is burned?

1. 30 g
2. 25 g
3. 40 g
4. 45 g

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 3.11) If 0.4 g of potassium reacts with the air to form 1.0 g of potassium oxide, how much potassium oxide will be produced if 160 g of potassium reacts with the air?

1. 100 g
2. 200 g
3. 300 g
4. 400 g

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 3.12) Balance the equation Xe + F₂ → XeF₆.

1. Xe + 3F₂ → XeF₆
2. Xe + 6F₂ → XeF₆
3. 2Xe + 3F₂ → 2XeF₆
4. 3Xe + 6F₂ → XeF₆

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 3.13) Balance the equation Ag + H₂S → Ag₂S + H₂.

1. 2Ag + H₂S → Ag₂S + H₂
2. 4Ag + 2H₂S → 2Ag₂S + H₂
3. 2Ag + 2H₂S → Ag₂S + 4H₂
4. 4Ag + H₂S → 2Ag₂S + H₂

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 3.14) In the equation KOH + CO₂ → K₂CO₃ + H₂O, which molecule needs a coefficient for the equation to be balanced?

1. KOH
2. CO₂
3. K₂CO₃
4. H₂O

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 3.15) Balance the equation CO₂ + H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂.

1. 12CO₂ + 2H₂O → 2C₆H₁₂O₆ + 3O₂
2. 12CO₂ + 4H₂O → 2C₆H₁₂O₆ + 2O₂
3. 6CO₂ + 2H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 3O₂
4. 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 3.16) Balance the equation SiO₂ + C → SiC + CO.

1. 2SiO₂ + C → 2SiC + CO
2. 2SiO₂ + C → SiC + 2CO
3. SiO₂ + 3C → 2SiC + CO
4. SiO₂ + 3C → SiC + 2CO

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 3.17) Balance the equation Na + Cl₂ + NaCl.

1. 2Na + Cl₂ + 2NaCl
2. 4Na + 2Cl₂ + 2NaCl
3. Na + 2Cl₂ + 2NaCl
4. Na + Cl₂ + 2NaCl

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 3.18) Balance the equation Al + HCl → AlCl₃ + H₂.

1. 2Al + 4HCl → 6AlCl₃ + H₂
2. 2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂
3. 4Al + 2HCl → 4AlCl₃ + 2H₂
4. 4Al + 4HCl → 4AlCl₃ + 2H₂

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Section 4: Hematology

4.1) Which of these patients has anemia?

	HCT	RBC (x10¹²/L)	Hemoglobin (g/dL)
Patient 1	50%	4.6	14.1
Patient 2	41%	6.2	16.8
Patient 3	38%	4.8	10.6
Patient 4	42%	7.2	13.5

1. Patient 1
2. Patient 2
3. Patient 3
4. Patient 4

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.2) Normal infant blood volume is approximately 100 mL/kg. What would be the approximate blood volume of a baby who weighs 6 lb?

1. 270 mL
2. 330 mL
3. 520 mL
4. 600 mL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.3) What is 2,000 cc of blood in liters?

1. 2
2. 4
3. 6
4. 8

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.4) A patient's serum iron test results are as follows:

Test	Result
Serum iron concentration	110 mcg/dL
Total iron-binding capacity	440 mcg/dL

Calculate the percentage transferrin saturation.

1. 4%
2. 5%
3. 10%
4. 25%

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.5) A patient has the following test results:

Test	Result
Total protein level	8.3 g/dL
Albumin level	3.4 g/dL

What is the patient's calculated globulin?

1. 0.4 g/dL
2. 2.4 g/dL
3. 4.9 g/dL
4. 11.7 g/dL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.6) A patient has an A1c of 10.0%. To the nearest mg/dL, calculate an estimate of the patient's average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months.

1. 220 mg/dL
2. 240 mg/dL
3. 260 mg/dL
4. 280 mg/dL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.7) What is the Smithline-Gardner formula?

1. (sodium×1.78) + (glucose/16) + (BUN/2.8)
2. (sodium×1.8) + (glucose/16) + (BUN/3.2)
3. (sodium×1.82) + (glucose/18) + (BUN/3.2)
4. (sodium×2) + (glucose/18) + (BUN/2.8)

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.8) A patient has a CK-MB of 25.0 ng/mL and a total CK of 500 U/L. Calculate the relative index.

1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 5

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.9) A patient has the following test results:

Test	Result
Sodium	140 mEq/L
Glucose	360 mg/dL
BUN	5.6 mg/dL

Using the Dorwart and Chalmers formula, calculate the patient's serum osmolality.

1. 107.4 mOsm/kg
2. 193.9 mOsm/kg
3. 282.4 mOsm/kg
4. 382.9 mOsm/kg

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.10) Calculate the corrected reticulocyte percentage from the following results.

Test	Result
RBC (cells/L)	4.7×10¹²
WBC (cells/L)	4.5×10⁹
PLT (cells/L)	310×10⁹
Hct	30% (normal Hct = 45%)
Reticulocyte count	1.5%

1. 0.5%
2. 1%
3. 1.5%
4. 2%

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.11) A lab technician dilutes a blood sample with tryptan blue by a ratio of 1:1. The technician then counts 100 cells in 5 of the large squares using a hemocytometer. What is the cell concentration?

1. 2×10⁴ cells/mL
2. 3×10⁴ cells/mL
3. 4×10⁵ cells/mL
4. 5×10⁵ cells/mL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.12) An anemic patient has the following blood test results:

Test	Result
RBC	3.6×10⁶ cells/mcL
WBC	6.7×10⁹ cells/L
Hct	15%
Hgb	11.2 g/dL
Reticulocyte percentage	9%

Given a maturation correction of 2.5 and assuming a normal hematocrit of 45%, calculate the reticulocyte production index.

1. 1.2%
2. 1.5%
3. 1.8%
4. 2.1%

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.13) A 1/5 dilution is made for a manual white blood cell count. The technician counts 100 WBCs in ten squares of the hemocytometer. What is the white blood cell concentration?

1. 4×10⁵ cells/uL
2. 5×10⁵ cells/uL
3. 6×10⁵ cells/uL
4. 8×10⁵ cells/uL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.14) Calculate the corrected WBC count from the following results.

Test	Result
Uncorrected WBC count	30,000/uL
Nucleated RBC/100 WBC	100

1. 500/uL
2. 10,000/uL
3. 15,000/uL
4. 18,000/uL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.15) Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) staining was performed on a blood specimen. The specimen was scored as follows:

Score	Neutrophils
0	40
+1	40
+2	15
+3	5
+4	0

Calculate the LAP score.

1. 25
2. 45
3. 65
4. 85

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.16) A woman has the following blood test results:

Test	Result
Red cell count	7.8 × 10¹²/L
White cell count	7.5 × 10⁹/L
Platelets	242 × 10⁹/L

What term applies to these results?

1. Hypererythrocytosis
2. Leukocytosis
3. Leukopenia
4. Polycythemia

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.17) What is the term for a red cell count of 3.6 × 10¹²/L in men?

1. Anemia
2. Leukocytosis
3. Leukopenia
4. Polycythemia

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.18) Along with the patient's prothrombin time and the average prothrombin time of the reference range population, what other information is needed to calculate a patient's international normalized ratio?

1. The half-life of the patient's anticoagulant medication
2. The international sensitivity index of the thromboplastin reagent
3. The patient's age
4. The total thrombus volume from the thromboelastograph waveform

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.19) Calculate the international normalised ratio (INR) from the following information.

Control PT	11.0 seconds
Patient's PT	16.5 seconds
International Sensitivity Index	1

1. 0.5
2. 1.5
3. 2.5
4. 3.5

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.20) Which of the following patients has microcytic red blood cells?

	HCT	RBC (x10¹²/L)
Patient 1	42%	3.9
Patient 2	43%	5.5
Patient 3	50%	4.5
Patient 4	40%	3.1

1. Patient 1
2. Patient 2
3. Patient 3
4. Patient 4

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.21) A patient's blood test results are as follows:

Test	Result
RBC	4x10⁶/µL
Hct	40%
Hgb	14 g/dL

What is the morphology of red blood cells?

1. Macrocytic hypochromic
2. Macrocytic normochromic
3. Microcytic hyperchromic
4. Microcytic hypochromic

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.22) A woman has the following blood test results:

Test	Result
HCT	48%
RBC	3.8 × 10¹²/L
WBC	5.5 × 10⁹/L
PLT	320 × 10⁹/L

Which term describes the red blood cells?

1. Hypochromic
2. Macrocytic
3. Microcytic
4. Normocytic

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.23) Given the following results, which red blood cell morphology does the patient have?

Test	Result
MCV	90 fL
MCHC	35.1 g/dL

1. Macrocytic normochromic
2. Microcytic hypochromic
3. Normocytic hypochromic
4. Normocytic normochromic

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.24) Given the following results, which red blood cell morphology does the patient most likely have?

Test	Result
MCV	132 fL
MCH	13.3 pg
MCHC	27.9 g/dL

1. Macrocytic hypochromic
2. Macrocytic normochromic
3. Microcytic hypochromic
4. Microcytic normochromic

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.25) What formula calculates red blood cell distribution width?

1. 1 SD of the MCV / MCV
2. HCT / RBC
3. HGB / RBC
4. RBC × MCV

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.26) A patient has the following hematology results:

Test	Result
RBC	4.21×10¹²/L
Hemoglobin	133 g/L
Hematocrit	0.397

Use the results to calculate the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC).

1. 10.9 g/dL
2. 25.1 g/dL
3. 31.6 g/dL
4. 33.5 g/dL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.27) A patient has the following hematology results:

Test	Result
RBC	4.68×10¹²/L
Hemoglobin	133 g/L
Hematocrit	0.451

Calculate the patient's mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).

1. 0.035 pg
2. 10.4 pg
3. 28.4 pg
4. 59.85 pg

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.28) In healthy individuals, the hematocrit is roughly equal to three times the:

1. hemoglobin
2. mean corpuscular volume
3. red blood cell count
4. white blood cell count

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.29) A falsely high hematocrit would cause which red blood index to be falsely low?

1. RDW
2. MCHC
3. MCV
4. MCH

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4.30) Calculate the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) from these results.

Test	Result
RBC	5.0 × 10¹²/L
WBC	8.5 × 10⁹/L
PLT	320 × 10⁹/L
Hct	40%
Hgb	14.5 g/dL

1. 20 fL
2. 30 fL
3. 50 fL
4. 80 fL

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Section 5: Moles

5.1) If the atomic mass of hydrogen is 1 and the atomic mass of oxygen is 16, how many moles are in a liter of water?

1. 18.9
2. 31.4
3. 44.4
4. 55.5

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 5.2) Which of these is a unit of molarity?

1. L/mol
2. g/mol
3. mol/L
4. mol/g

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 5.3) How many moles are in 25g of a 100 g/mol solution?

1. 0.25
2. 4
3. 75
4. 125

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 5.4) 5 moles of CaCl₂ are dissolved in 1 liter of water. What is the molarity of this solution?

1. 0.2
2. 1
3. 4.8
4. 5

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 5.5) What is the molarity of a 3 L solution that contains 1.2 moles?

1. 0.4
2. 1.8
3. 2.5
4. 3.6

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 5.6) If 20 moles of A are dissolved in 80 moles of B, what is the mole fraction of A in the final solution?

1. 0.2
2. 4
3. 15
4. 60

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 5.7) What is the formula for calculating the gram equivalent weight of a chemical?

1. Gram equivalent weight = molecular weight / number of moles
2. Gram equivalent weight = molecular weight / valency
3. Gram equivalent weight = oxidation number / molecular weight
4. Gram equivalent weight = valency factor / oxidation number

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 5.8) What does the unit mol/kg represent?

1. Milli-molarity
2. Molality
3. Molar mass
4. Molarity

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 5.9) What is the symbol for molality?

1. M
2. m
3. mM
4. n

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 5.10) 570 mL of water is added to a 30 mL, 2 M aqueous solution. What is the molarity of the final solution?

1. 0.1 M
2. 0.2 M
3. 0.3 M
4. 0.4 M

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 5.11) Given that the molar mass of silicon is 28.086, how many moles are in 200 g of silicon?

1. 0.14
2. 28.8
3. 5617.2
4. 7.12

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 5.12) A one molal solution contains one mole of solute per ________ of solvent.

1. 1 g
2. 1 kg
3. 1 liter
4. 1 mole

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Section 6: pH

6.1) A pH of 2 is how many times more acidic than a pH of 5?

1. 3
2. 6
3. 256
4. 1,000

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 6.2) What volume of 0.4 M NaOH is needed to titrate 100 mL of 0.25 M HCl?

1. 25.5 mL
2. 27.5 mL
3. 45.5 mL
4. 62.5 mL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 6.3) If 25 mL of LiOH is needed to neutralize 20 mL of 0.500 M HBr, what is the concentration of the LiOH?

1. 0.4 M
2. 0.5 M
3. 0.6 M
4. 0.75 M

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 6.4) During a titration, 32.20 mL of 0.250 M NaOH neutralizes 26.60 mL of H₂SO₄. What is the molarity of the H₂SO₄ solution?

1. 0.071 M
2. 0.083 M
3. 0.106 M
4. 0.151 M

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 6.5) 1 L of a 0.1 M potassium hydroxide solution neutralizes 50 mL of a sulfuric acid solution. What is the molarity of the sulfuric acid solution?

1. 0.005 M
2. 0.045 M
3. 0.5 M
4. 1 M

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 6.6) How many mL of a 0.2 M KOH solution will neutralize 15 mL of 0.4 M HCl?

1. 10 mL
2. 20 mL
3. 30 mL
4. 40 mL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 6.7) What is the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution with a pH of 7?

1. 0 M
2. 1×10⁻⁷ M
3. 2.34×10⁶ M
4. 7 M

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 6.8) A pH of 9 is how many times more alkaline than a pH of 7?

1. 2
2. 3
3. 10
4. 100

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 6.9) What is the hydroxide ion concentration of a solution with a pOH of 2?

1. 0.01 M
2. 0.02 M
3. 0.1 M
4. 0.2 M

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 6.10) A solution has a hydroxide ion concentration of 4.82 x 10⁻⁵ M. What is the pOH of this solution?

1. 1.83
2. 2.98
3. 3.19
4. 4.32

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Section 7: Significant digits and rounding

7.1) 2.99 is between:

1. 2.91 and 2.92
2. 2.919 and 2.929
3. 2.98 and 3.00
4. 2.980 and 2.989

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 7.2) Round 2.08691 to three decimal places.

1. 2.08
2. 2.087
3. 2.089
4. 2.09

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 7.3) What is 2.08691 rounded to three significant figures?

1. 2.08
2. 2.086
3. 2.087
4. 2.09

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 7.4) What is 13.55 millimeters rounded to the nearest millimeter?

1. 13 mm
2. 13.5 mm
3. 13.6 mm
4. 14 mm

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 7.5) What is 3.8371 to two significant digits?

1. 3.8
2. 3.837
3. 3.84
4. 3.9

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 7.6) What is 47.839 rounded to one significant figure?

1. 47
2. 47.8
3. 48
4. 50

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 7.7) A lab machine gives a result of 0.8731. What is this rounded to one significant figure?

1. 0.1
2. 0.87
3. 0.9
4. 1

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 7.8) What is 89.9583 rounded to three significant figures?

1. 89.8
2. 89.958
3. 90.0
4. 91.0

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 7.9) What is 3.5 × 10⁹ rounded to one significant figure?

1. 3 × 10⁹
2. 3.6 × 10⁹
3. 4
4. 4 × 10⁹

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 7.10) What is 8,389,910 rounded to the nearest thousand?

1. 8,340,000
2. 8,389,000
3. 8,390,000
4. 8,391,000

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 7.11) What is 23.81 rounded to the nearest whole number?

1. 20
2. 23.8
3. 24
4. 30

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 7.12) What is 0.7817 rounded to the nearest whole number?

1. 0.5
2. 0.8
3. 1
4. 1.5

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 7.13) How many significant figures are in 38.800?

1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 5

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 7.14) What is 1.3656 to three significant figures?

1. 1.30
2. 1.36
3. 1.37
4. 1.40

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Section 8: Solution preparation and dilutions

8.1) A lab assistant makes a 1/6 dilution of serum in water. The assistant then performs a glucose test on the diluted serum. The result is 72 mg/dL. What result should the lab assistant report to the doctor?

1. 12 mg/dL
2. 72 mg/dL
3. 432 mg/dL
4. 720 mg/dL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.2) Which of these is a 1/8 dilution of urine?

1. 1 part urine and 7 parts water
2. 1 part urine and 8 parts water
3. 1 part water and 7 parts urine
4. 1 part water and 8 parts urine

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.3) If 0.2 mL of a sample is added to 5 mL of diluent, what is the dilution factor?

1. 4.8
2. 5.2
3. 25
4. 26

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.4) A molar solution is:

1. 1 mL of solute in one mole of solution
2. one gram of solute in 1 mL of solution
3. one gram of solute in one mole of solution
4. one mole of solute in 1 liter of solution

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.5) A dilution ratio of 1:15 means what part specimen and what part diluent?

1. 1 part specimen, 15 parts diluent
2. 1 part specimen, 16 parts diluent
3. 15 parts specimen, 1 part diluent
4. 16 parts specimen, 1 part diluent

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.6) What is the dilution factor 1/5 expressed as a dilution ratio?

1. 1:4
2. 1:5
3. 1:6
4. 5:1

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.7) A lab technician is making a solution by combining 3 parts of a solute with 7 parts of water. How many milliliters of the solute and water are needed to make 100 mL of the solution?

1. 7 mL of solute and 3 mL of water
2. 10 mL of solute and 70 mL of water
3. 30 mL of solute and 70 mL of water
4. 70 mL of solute and 30 mL of water

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.8) A procedure requires mixing red cells and water in a ratio of 4 to 5, with a total volume of 450 mL. How much water is needed?

1. 250 mL
2. 300 mL
3. 350 mL
4. 400 mL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.9) If a dilution ratio of 7:10 is used to make an acetic acid solution and the final volume of the solution is 950 mL, what is the volume of the solute?

1. 58 mL
2. 101 mL
3. 391 mL
4. 559 mL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.10) To prepare 500 mL of buffer, the lab manual says to mix 2 parts of the concentrated buffer with 6 parts of distilled water. What quantities of buffer and water would be used?

1. 125 mL of buffer and 375 mL of water
2. 150 mL of buffer and 350 mL of water
3. 175 mL of buffer and 325 mL of water
4. 200 mL of buffer and 300 mL of water

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.11) A lab technician is preparing a serial dilution with eight tubes. The first tube contains a 1/2 dilution. If the dilution factor doubles with each transfer, what would be the dilution in the eighth tube?

1. 1/128
2. 1/256
3. 1/512
4. 1/1024

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.12) A lab technician makes a solution by mixing 500 mL of water with 4.5 g of salt. What is the salt concentration of the solution?

1. 0.9 g/L
2. 8 g/L
3. 8.9 g/L
4. 9 g/L

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.13) Given a solute volume of 20 mL and a dilution factor of 3, calculate the volume of solvent needed.

1. 40 mL
2. 60 mL
3. 120 mL
4. 160 mL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.14) If 100% bleach is diluted 1/5 and then diluted again 1/20, what is the concentration of bleach in the final solution?

1. 1%
2. 1.5%
3. 2%
4. 2.5%

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.15) How would you prepare a 50 mL 1/10 dilution of bleach?

1. 3 mL of bleach to 47 mL of water
2. 4 mL of bleach to 46 mL of water
3. 5 mL of bleach to 45 mL of water
4. 6 mL of bleach to 44 mL of water

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.16) What is one part chemical to five parts water expressed as a dilution factor?

1. 3
2. 4
3. 5
4. 6

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.17) 0.5 mol of solute is dissolved in 1 liter of solution. What is the concentration of the solution in mol/cm³?

1. 0.0005
2. 0.02
3. 2
4. 200

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.18) A lab technician adds 0.2 mL of a stock solution to 3.8 mL of diluent. What is the dilution factor?

1. 4
2. 5
3. 19
4. 20

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.19) You dilute a sample four times using a dilution factor of 20 each time. What is the final dilution?

1. 1/20
2. 1/80
3. 1/8,000
4. 1/160,000

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.20) A solution is made by mixing 100 mL of hydrochloric acid with 100 mL of water. What is the %v/v concentration of hydrochloric acid in this solution?

1. 1%
2. 10%
3. 25%
4. 50%

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.21) 0.5 mol of solute is dissolved in 250 cm³ of solution. What is the concentration in mol/dm³?

1. 0.002 mol/dm³
2. 2 mol/dm³
3. 12.5 mol/dm³
4. 125 mol/dm³

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.22) How do you calculate the mass of a solute in a solution?

1. Concentration × volume
2. Volume + concentration
3. Volume − concentration
4. Volume/concentration

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.23) Calculate the amount of solute dissolved in 4 dm³ of a 0.2 mol/dm³ solution.

1. 0.05 mol
2. 0.8 mol
3. 3.8 mol
4. 4.2 mol

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.24) Calculate the volume of a 0.5 mol/dm³ solution that contains 1 mol of solute.

1. 0.5 dm³
2. 0.75 dm³
3. 1 dm³
4. 2 dm³

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.25) A hydrogen chloride solution has a concentration of 0.5 mol/dm³. Given that the molar mass of hydrogen chloride is 36.5, what is the solution's concentration in g/dm³?

1. 0.01825 g/dm³
2. 18.25 g/dm³
3. 36.55 g/dm³
4. 73 g/dm³

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.26) If a solution has a concentration of 10 g/dm³ and the molecules in the solution have a molar mass of 32, what is the concentration of the solution in mol/dm³?

1. 0.3125
2. 3.2
3. 22
4. 320

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.27) If you need 48 g of magnesium to make 80 g of magnesium oxide, how much magnesium would you need to make 20 g of magnesium oxide?

1. 6 g
2. 12 g
3. 18 g
4. 24 g

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.28) A NaOH solution has a relative formula mass of 40 and a 4 g/dm³ concentration. What is the concentration in mol/dm³?

1. 0.1
2. 2
3. 20
4. 80

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.29) How much water must be added to 100 mL of pure bleach to make 10% bleach?

1. 700 mL
2. 800 mL
3. 900 mL
4. 1,000 mL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.30) A dilution factor of 1/10 means what part specimen and what part diluent?

1. 1 part specimen, 9 parts diluent
2. 1 part specimen, 10 parts diluent
3. 1 part specimen, 10.5 parts diluent
4. 1 part specimen, 11 parts diluent

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.31) What is the mass percent of a solution containing 25 g of glucose in 500 g of solution?

1. 5%
2. 10%
3. 15%
4. 20%

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.32) How many grams of NaOH are in 100 mL of a 15% NaOH solution?

1. 15 g
2. 30 g
3. 45 g
4. 60 g

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.33) If 0.5 ml of a sample is added to 10 ml of diluent, what is the dilution factor?

1. 10
2. 11
3. 20
4. 21

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.34) You are making a solution of 1 part solute and 9 parts water. How many milliliters of water are needed to make 500 mL of the solution?

1. 50
2. 59
3. 400
4. 450

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.35) A dilution ratio of 1:12 means what part specimen and what part diluent?

1. 1 part specimen, 12 parts diluent
2. 1 part specimen, 13 parts diluent
3. 11 parts specimen, 1 part diluent
4. 12 parts specimen, 1 part diluent

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.36) How many grams of sodium chloride are needed to make 200 mL of a 5% m/v sodium chloride solution?

1. 5 g
2. 10 g
3. 15 g
4. 20 g

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.37) How many milliliters of 5% hydrochloric acid are needed to make 500 mL of 2% hydrochloric acid?

1. 100
2. 200
3. 300
4. 400

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.38) A lab technician needs 300 mL of 5% acetic acid but only has pure acetic acid. How much pure acetic acid and how much water does the technician need to make the required solution?

1. 5 mL of pure acetic acid and 295 mL of water
2. 10 mL of pure acetic acid and 290 mL of water
3. 15 mL of pure acetic acid and 285 mL of water
4. 20 mL of pure acetic acid and 280 mL of water

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.39) A lab technician requires 400 mL of a 3% solution but has only a 5% solution available. How would the lab technician prepare the 3% solution?

1. Mix 240 mL of the 5% solution with 160 mL of diluent
2. Mix 300 mL of the 5% solution with 100 mL of diluent
3. Mix 360 mL of the 5% solution with 40 mL of diluent
4. Mix 380 mL of the 5% solution with 20 mL of diluent

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.40) A lab technician has an 8% solution of hypochlorite and needs to make 700 mL of a 4% solution of hypochlorite. What volume of solute and solvent does the technician need to use?

1. 300 mL of the 8% solution in 400 mL of solvent
2. 350 mL of the 8% solution in 350 mL of solvent
3. 400 mL of the 8% solution in 300 mL of solvent
4. 450 mL of the 8% solution in 250 mL of solvent

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.41) A lab technician needs 450 mL of a 2% acid solution for a manual dilution of white blood cells but only a 6% solution of acetic acid is available. How would the lab technician prepare the 2% solution?

1. Mixing 9 mL of 6% solute in 441 mL of diluent
2. Mixing 27 mL of 6% solute in 423 mL of diluent
3. Mixing 150 mL of 6% solute in 300 mL of diluent
4. Mixing 200 mL of 6% solute in 250 mL of diluent

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.42) How many milliliters of an 80% acetic acid solution is needed to make 2 liters of a 10% acetic acid solution?

1. 20
2. 50
3. 100
4. 250

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.43) 100 mL of 20% hydrochloric acid can make how many mL of 4% hydrochloric acid?

1. 50 mL
2. 80 mL
3. 100 mL
4. 500 mL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.44) You need a liter of 5% concentration of hydrochloric acid but you only have a 40% concentration. How can you make the 5% concentration?

1. Mix 125 mL of hydrochloric acid with 875 mL of water
2. Mix 175 mL of hydrochloric acid with 825 mL of water
3. Mix 200 mL of hydrochloric acid with 800 mL of water
4. Mix 225 mL of hydrochloric acid with 775 mL of water

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.45) A lab technician has 20 L of a 2 g/L solution. To this solution, the technician adds 30 L of water. What is the final concentration of the new solution?

1. 0.2 g/L
2. 0.8 g/L
3. 1.2 g/L
4. 1.25 g/L

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.46) How many milliliters of formalin are needed to make 1,000 mL of 10% formalin?

1. 10
2. 100
3. 1,000
4. 10,000

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.47) A lab technician has a liter bottle of 90% alcohol. The technician needs a 100 mL solution of 70% alcohol. To make the required solution, the lab technician must mix _____ mL of the 90% alcohol with _____ mL of water.

1. 66.6, 33.4
2. 77.8, 22.2
3. 84.5, 15.5
4. 90.0, 10.0

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.48) A lab technician has a liter of 85% alcohol. How much water must the technician add to the alcohol to dilute it to 70%?

1. 214 mL
2. 528 mL
3. 1,214 mL
4. 1,528 mL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.49) A lab technician needs 1 L of 10% acetic acid but only has pure acetic acid. How can the technician make the required solution?

1. By mixing 1 L of pure acetic acid with 10 L of water
2. By mixing 1 L of pure acetic acid with 9 L of water
3. By mixing 10 mL of pure acetic acid with 990 mL of water
4. By mixing 100 mL of pure acetic acid with 900 mL of water

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.50) A lab technician has 5 liters of a 2 g/L solution and wants to create 3 liters of a 1 g/L solution. How many liters of the 2 g/L solution must the technician use?

1. 1.5
2. 2
3. 2.5
4. 3

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.51) A lab assistant has a 100x stock solution. From this solution, the assistant wants to make 500 mL of a 5x solution. How much of the 100x stock solution does the assistant need?

1. 5 mL
2. 10 mL
3. 25 mL
4. 50 mL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.52) How many grams of sodium chloride are needed to make 300 mL of a 2% m/v solution?

1. 2
2. 4
3. 6
4. 20

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.53) How would you prepare 400 mL of a 1% v/v acetic acid solution?

1. 1 mL of glacial acetic acid in 399 mL of water
2. 2 mL of glacial acetic acid in 398 mL of water
3. 3 mL of glacial acetic acid in 397 mL of water
4. 4 mL of glacial acetic acid in 396 mL of water

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.54) What does 5% w/v mean?

1. 5 grams of solute dissolved in 100 mL of solution
2. 5 grams of solute dissolved in 100 mL of solvent
3. 5 mL of solute dissolved in 100 mL of solution
4. 5 mL of solute dissolved in 100 mL of solvent

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.55) Calculate the %(m/m) of a solution that has 6 g of solute in 80 g of solution.

1. 7.5%
2. 8.1%
3. 12.3%
4. 13.3%

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.56) Which of these expresses solution concentration for a solid solute dissolved in a liquid solvent?

1. %(m/m)
2. %(m/v)
3. %(v/m)
4. %(v/v)

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.57) How many grams of a solute is required to produce 1.5 L of a 25%(m/v) solution?

1. 375 g
2. 425 g
3. 500 g
4. 625 g

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.58) How many grams of a solute is required to produce 400 mL of a 10%(m/v) solution?

1. 4 g
2. 10 g
3. 15 g
4. 40 g

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.59) Calculate the %m/m of a solution that has 30 grams of solute and 90 grams of solvent.

1. 8.3%
2. 9.1%
3. 11%
4. 25%

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.60) What is the formula for calculating a percent v/v solution?

1. (solute volume / solvent volume) × 100
2. (solute volume / solution volume) × 100
3. (solution volume / solute volume) × 100
4. (solvent volume / solute volume) × 100

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.61) What is the formula for calculating a percent w/v solution?

1. (solute mass / solution mass) × 100
2. (solute mass / solution volume) × 100
3. (solution volume / solute mass) × 100
4. (solution volume / solute volume) × 100

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.62) What is the formula for calculating a percent w/w solution?

1. (solute mass / solution mass ) × 100
2. (solute mass / solution volume) × 100
3. (solution mass / solute mass) × 100
4. (solution mass / solute volume) × 100

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.63) Which of these is NOT an acceptable way to express solution concentration?

1. volume/volume (v/v)
2. volume/weight (v/w)
3. weight/volume (w/v)
4. weight/weight (w/w)

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.64) Calculate the density of a liquid that has a mass of 40 mL, a weight of 50 grams, and a boiling point of 110°C.

1. 0.8 g/mL
2. 0.9 g/mL
3. 1.25 g/mL
4. 1.5 g/mL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.65) What is the osmolarity of a 1 mol/L NaCl solution?

1. 1 osmol/L
2. 2 osmol/L
3. 3 osmol/L
4. 4 osmol/L

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.66) What is the osmolarity of 400 ml of a 15 % MgCl₂ solution? (Assume magnesium has a molecular weight of 24.3 and chlorine has a molecular weight of 35.5.)

1. 4.73 OsM
2. 5.91 OsM
3. 6.39 OsM
4. 7.82 OsM

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.67) A laboratory has an autoclave rule stating "Do not fill containers more than half full with liquids". If a lab technician has to prepare 220 ml of media for autoclaving, which of these volume containers would comply with the rule?

1. 100 mL
2. 300 mL
3. 400 mL
4. 500 mL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.68) A pipette gives a reading of 4.9 mL when the true value of the volume of liquid inside the pipette is 5.0 mL. What is the percent error?

1. 2%
2. 4%
3. 6%
4. 8%

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.69) How many milliliters of formalin are needed to make 500 mL of 10% formalin?

1. 10 mL
2. 50 mL
3. 90 mL
4. 100 mL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8.70) A urine culture was plated with a 0.001 mL loop. To report the colony count in colonies per mL, the number of colonies on the plate must be multiplied by:

1. 100
2. 200
3. 1,000
4. 2,000

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Section 9: Statistics

9.1) Which of these numbers is the largest?

1. 3.2
2. 3.154
3. 3.0381
4. 3.1542

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.2) Which of these numbers is the smallest?

1. 1/3
2. 0.25
3. 0.125
4. 1/6

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.3) Which of these numbers is smaller than 2.88?

1. 2.9
2. 2.882
3. 2.8812
4. 2.87

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.4) The degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure is called:

1. integrity
2. reliability
3. standardization
4. validity

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.5) A test gives the following control values:

Day	1	2	3	4
Result (U/L)	1.2	1.5	1.8	2.1

These control values demonstrate a(n):

1. outlier
2. random variation
3. repeating pattern
4. trend

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.6) A data point that differs significantly from other data points is called a(n):

1. outsider
2. outlier
3. nonconformist
4. radical

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.7) For data distributed normally, how many values are within one standard deviation from the mean?

1. 50%
2. 68%
3. 83%
4. 95%

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.8) For data distributed normally, how many values are within three standard deviations from the mean?

1. 68%
2. 83%
3. 95%
4. 99.7%

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.9) For data distributed normally, how many values are within two standard deviations from the mean?

1. 50%
2. 68%
3. 83%
4. 95%

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.10) A control has a mean of 2.8 with a standard deviation of 0.3. This means 68% of the values should fall within a range of:

1. 2.0−3.1
2. 2.2−3.4
3. 2.3−3.3
4. 2.5−3.1

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.11) If a control has a mean of 5 and a standard deviation of 1, what range should encompass 95% of the observed values?

1. 1–9
2. 2–8
3. 3–7
4. 4–6

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.12) What is the standard deviation of 2, 4, 5, and 9 to two decimal places?

1. 1.50
2. 2.12
3. 2.55
4. 3.28

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.13) What does the standard deviation tell you?

1. How many errors are in the data set
2. How spread out the data is
3. The average value in the data set
4. The number the data tends to cluster around

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.14) What is the final step in calculating the standard deviation?

1. Calculate the mean
2. Calculate the mean of the squared differences
3. Find the square root of the variance
4. For each number, subtract the mean and square the result

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.15) The following data were calculated on a series of 100 determinations of a control.

Mean	5.8
Median	6.0
Mode	5.7
Range	1.5–20.2
Standard deviation	0.25

If confidence limits are set at ±2 standard deviations, what are the allowable limits for the control?

1. 5.30–6.30
2. 5.35–6.25
3. 5.50–5.90
4. 5.60–5.90

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.16) A test has a mean of 72 mg/dL and a standard deviation of 3 mg/dL. If all control values must fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean, which of the following values is outside the acceptable range?

1. 62 mg/dL
2. 71 mg/dL
3. 78 mg/dL
4. 80 mg/dL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.17) If the mean for an analyte is 10.1 mg/dL and the standard deviation is 1.7 mg/dL, calculate a reference range that includes the values within two standard deviations of the mean.

1. 2.3–4.7 mg/dL
2. 6.7–13.5 mg/dL
3. 8.4–11.8 mg/dL
4. 9.8–10.5 mg/dL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.18) Which acceptable range do laboratories typically use for quality control results?

1. One standard deviation from the mean
2. The middle 68% of the results
3. The outer 5% of the results
4. Two standard deviations from the mean

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.19) What is the probability of three consecutive control values exceeding ±2 standard deviations by chance alone?

1. 1:400
2. 1:1,600
3. 1:8,000
4. 1:16,000

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.20) If a data set has a mean of 7.2 and a standard deviation of 1.2, what range of values falls within two standard deviations of the mean?

1. 4.8–9.6
2. 6.0–8.4
3. 7.2–9.6
4. 8.6–10.2

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.21) A mean value of 100 mg/dL and a standard deviation of 1.8 mg/dL were obtained from a set of glucose measurements. What range of results falls within 2 standard deviations from the mean?

1. 94.6–105.4 mg/dL
2. 96.4–103.6 mg/dL
3. 97.3–102.7 mg/dL
4. 98.2–101.8 mg/dL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.22) A test gives the following results:

Day	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Value	39	42	33	51	50	47	43	41	50	45

Assuming the test has an acceptable range of ± 2 SD, a standard deviation of 3, and a target value of 45, how many days was the test outside the acceptable range?

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.23) A test has a mean of 190.5 and a standard deviation of 2. If all control values must fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean, what is the acceptable range for the control values?

1. 184.5–196.5
2. 185.5–195.5
3. 187.5–193.5
4. 188.5–192.5

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.24) Given the following data, how many quality control results are beyond 2 standard deviations from the mean?

QC results	17.1, 15.2, 16.2, 19.9, 21.6
Mean	18.0
Coefficient of variation	5%

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.25) In a normal distribution, what percentage of cases are above the mean?

1. 50%
2. 68%
3. 75%
4. 100%

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.26) What is the most likely cause of a single control value deviating beyond 3 standard deviations?

1. Calibration drift
2. Random error
3. Reagent degradation
4. Wear and tear of laboratory equipment

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.27) A hospital wants to set a new reference range for fasting blood glucose. It measures the fasting blood glucose levels of 451 healthy patients. The mean is 85 mg/dL and the standard deviation is 7.2 mg/dL. Calculate a reference range that covers 95% of the patients.

1. 10.8–61.2 mg/dL
2. 66.2–110.8 mg/dL
3. 70.6–99.4 mg/dL
4. 74.8–92.6 mg/dL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.28) The standard deviation of a data set is the _____________ of the variance.

1. dispersion
2. range
3. square
4. square root

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.29) A test has a mean of 10.0 and a standard deviation of 1.4. If all control values must fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean, what is the acceptable range for the control values?

1. 7.2–12.8
2. 8.3–11.7
3. 8.6–11.4
4. 9.0–11.0

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.30) If you perform a test 100 times, how many of the results would you expect to be outside of +/-2 standard deviations?

1. 3
2. 5
3. 20
4. 95

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.31) How many of the following quality control results are beyond 2 standard deviations from the mean?

QC results	120, 289, 365, 432, 678
Mean	377
Coefficient of variation	15%

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.32) Which Westgard rule is violated if two measurements in the same run have a 4 standard deviation difference?

1. 1₂ₛ
2. 2₂ₛ
3. 4₁ₛ
4. R₄ₛ

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.33) Which formula calculates the coefficient of variation?

1. Mean / standard deviation
2. Standard deviation / mean
3. Standard deviation / variance
4. Variance / mean

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.34) If the mean for creatinine is 71.0 and the standard deviation is 6.0, what is the coefficient of variation to two significant figures?

1. 8.4%
2. 8.5%
3. 9.2%
4. 9.3%

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.35) The _________ the coefficient of variation, the more _________ the values.

1. higher, accurate
2. higher, precise
3. lower, accurate
4. lower, precise

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.36) Automated white blood cell counts were performed on 29 blood samples. The mean value was 8.0 cells/nL and the standard deviation was 1.2 cells/nL. What is the coefficient of variation?

1. 15%
2. 30%
3. 45%
4. 60%

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.37) Calculate the coefficient of variation for a test that has a mean of 15 and a standard deviation of 3.

1. 0.2%
2. 5%
3. 20%
4. 50%

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.38) Ten urea quality control tests were run on serum specimens. The mean was 13.8 mg/dL and the standard deviation was 0.6 mg/dL. Calculate the coefficient of variation to one decimal place.

1. 0.2%
2. 4.3%
3. 5.7%
4. 23.0%

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.39) If the mean is 20 and two standard deviations is 8, what is the coefficient of variation?

1. 0.2%
2. 4%
3. 20%
4. 40%

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.40) Which of these assays has the lowest coefficient of variation?

Assay	Mean (U/L)	Standard deviation
ALP	60	3
ALT	20	2
AST	25	3
GGT	20	5

1. ALP
2. ALT
3. AST
4. GGT

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.41) Calculate the coefficient of variation for a set of data where the mean is 29 mg/dL and 2 standard deviations is 4 mg/dL.

1. 5.7%
2. 6.9%
3. 15.7%
4. 15.8%

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.42) A thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) quality control chart has the following data for the normal control:

Statistic	Value
Count	43
Mean	2.4 mIU/L
2 SD	1.2 mIU/L

Calculate the coefficient of variation for the control.

1. 25%
2. 35%
3. 40%
4. 50%

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.43) What is the mean of 1, 10, 20, 50, 50, 80, 90 and 99?

1. 45
2. 50
3. 55
4. 60

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.44) What is the mean of the values 2, 2, 5, 7, and 14?

1. 3
2. 4
3. 5
4. 6

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.45) The following values were obtained from a quality control test: 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 7. Calculate the mean of these values.

1. 3
2. 3.25
3. 3.5
4. 3.75

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.46) What is the mean of 4, 4, 8, 9, 10, 13, and 22?

1. 4
2. 7
3. 9
4. 10

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.47) For data distributed normally, what percentage of cases is below the mean?

1. 25%
2. 50%
3. 75%
4. 100%

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.48) The rounding rule for the mean states that:

1. the answer should be rounded to a whole number
2. the answer should be rounded to one decimal place greater than the raw data
3. the answer should be rounded to two decimal places greater than the raw data
4. the answer should have the same number of decimal places as the raw data

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.49) Ten patients have the following bilirubin results: 3.1, 3.2, 3.8, 4.1, 4.7, 5.1, 5.9, 6.0, 6.2, 6.9. Calculate the mean of these results.

1. 4.5
2. 4.7
3. 4.9
4. 5.1

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.50) Which statistic is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values?

1. Mean
2. Median
3. Mode
4. Standard deviation

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.51) The value that appears most often in a set of data values is called the:

1. average
2. coefficient of variation
3. mean
4. mode

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.52) The middle value in a sorted data set is called the:

1. average
2. coefficient of variation
3. mean
4. median

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.53) What is the mode of 4, 4, 8, 9, 10, 13, and 22?

1. 4
2. 7
3. 9
4. 10

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.54) What is the median of 4, 4, 8, 9, 10, 13, and 22?

1. 4
2. 7
3. 9
4. 10

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.55) What is the range of 4, 4, 8, 9, 10, 13, and 22?

1. 7
2. 9
3. 10
4. 18

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.56) If you add up all the values in a set and then divide the total by the number of values, you get the:

1. coefficient of variation
2. mean
3. median
4. mode

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.57) What is the mode of 1, 2, 2, 3, 4 and 6?

1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 5

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.58) A biochemistry analyzer measures a parameter across seven serum samples. The results are 9, 4, 8, 10, 17, 5, and 10. Which statistic is the largest: the mean, mode, median, or range?

1. Mean
2. Median
3. Mode
4. Range

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.59) How do you find the range of a set of results?

1. Find the mean
2. Square the variance
3. Subtract the highest result from the lowest result
4. Subtract the lowest result from the highest result

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.60) What is the median of 1, 17, 2, 8, and 11?

1. 2
2. 5
3. 8
4. 11

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.61) Which of these statistics is a measure of central tendency?

1. Coefficient of variation
2. Mean
3. Range
4. Standard deviation

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.62) Find the mode and median of the sequence 3, 8, 9, 1, 9, 7, 3, 8, 9.

1. Mode: 8, median: 7
2. Mode: 8, median: 8
3. Mode: 9, median: 7
4. Mode: 9, median: 8

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.63) To find the median of an even number of numbers, arrange the set in order and:

1. subtract the smallest number from the largest number
2. take the mean of the two middle numbers
3. use the larger of the two middle numbers
4. use the smaller of the two middle numbers

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.64) A lab analyzes blood samples from 50 patents. The number of patients with abnormal results is 45. What is this expressed as a percentage?

1. 5%
2. 45%
3. 90%
4. 95%

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.65) What is 21/25 expressed as a percentage?

1. 4%
2. 21%
3. 46%
4. 84%

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.66) What is 3/25 expressed as a percentage?

1. 0.08%
2. 0.12%
3. 8.33%
4. 12%

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.67) What is 60% expressed as a fraction in its simplest form?

1. 3/5
2. 4/9
3. 5/8
4. 6/100

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.68) What is 9/20 expressed as a percentage?

1. 2.22%
2. 18%
3. 22%
4. 45%

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.69) What is 25% expressed as a fraction?

1. 1/2
2. 1/3
3. 1/4
4. 1/5

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.70) Tube A contains 24 mL of blood. Tube B contains 20 mL of blood. This means tube A contains ____% more blood than tube B.

1. 4
2. 16
3. 20
4. 25

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9.71) The coefficient of variation is a measure of:

1. accuracy
2. precision
3. sensitivity
4. specificity

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Section 10: Temperature

10.1) A thermometer reads 100.0°C. What is the resolution of the thermometer?

1. 0.1°C
2. 0.4°C
3. 1°C
4. 4°C

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 10.2) What is 41°C in Fahrenheit?

1. 74.6°F
2. 100.0°F
3. 105.8°F
4. 110.3°F

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 10.3) What is 25°C in Fahrenheit?

1. 11°F
2. 59°F
3. 77°F
4. 105°F

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 10.4) What is 40°F in Celsius and rounded to the nearest whole number?

1. −19°C
2. 4°C
3. 21°C
4. 37°C

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 10.5) How is Fahrenheit converted to Celsius?

1. C = 5/9 × (F−32)
2. C = 5/9 − 32F
3. C = 9/5 + 32F
4. C = 9/5 − 32F

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 10.6) What is 86°F in Celsius?

1. 25°C
2. 30°C
3. 32°C
4. 37°C

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 10.7) What is 77°F in Celsius?

1. 25°C
2. 40°C
3. 55°C
4. 70°C

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 10.8) A specimen must be transported at body temperature plus or minus 5°F. Which of these temperatures is within that range?

1. 25°F
2. 50°F
3. 75°F
4. 100°F

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 10.9) What is 37°C in Fahrenheit to the nearest whole number?

1. 5.5°F
2. 67.3°F
3. 37.8°F
4. 98.6°F

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 10.10) What is 50°F in Celsius?

1. 0°C
2. 10°C
3. 20°C
4. 30°C

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 10.11) What is 50°C in Fahrenheit?

1. 92°F
2. 102°F
3. 112°F
4. 122°F

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 10.12) What is 100°C in Fahrenheit?

1. 45°F
2. 78°F
3. 157°F
4. 212°F

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 10.13) What is 120°F in Celsius rounded to one decimal place?

1. 42.9°C
2. 44.8°C
3. 46.2°C
4. 48.9°C

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 10.14) What is 0°C in Kelvin?

1. 173.90 K
2. 273.15 K
3. 387.90 K
4. 461.15 K

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Section 11: Units of measurement

11.1) If normal adult blood volume is approximately 70 mL/kg, calculate the approximate blood volume of a man weighing 70 kg.

1. 4.9 mL
2. 100 mL
3. 4.9 L
4. 1 L

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.2) A mg is a unit to describe:

1. length
2. mass
3. time
4. volume

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.3) Which of these units is the smallest?

1. Meter
2. Micrometer
3. Millimeter
4. Nanometer

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.4) What is the SI unit for volume?

1. Cubic decimeter
2. Cubic meter
3. Liter
4. Milliliter

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.5) Which of these units is the largest?

1. Gram
2. Kilogram
3. Microgram
4. Milligram

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.6) What is the basic metric unit for measuring weight?

1. Gram
2. Liter
3. Pascal
4. Pound

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.7) What is the basic metric unit for measuring length?

1. Foot
2. Inch
3. Meter
4. Meter cubed

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.8) What does the prefix kilo- mean?

1. 10
2. 100
3. 1,000
4. 10,000

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.9) What does the prefix centi- mean?

1. 1/10
2. 1/100
3. 1/1,000
4. 1/1,000,000

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.10) What does the prefix nano- mean?

1. 1 hundredth
2. 1 thousandth
3. 1 millionth
4. 1 billionth

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.11) What is the abbreviation for moles?

1. ml
2. mo
3. mol
4. z

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.12) What does the symbol μ represent in measurements?

1. 10⁹
2. 10⁻³
3. 10⁻⁶
4. 10⁻⁹

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.13) What is the abbreviation for centi-?

1. c
2. cent
3. ci
4. cm

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.14) Microgram can be abbreviated as:

1. Mg
2. Mig
3. Migs
4. mcg

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.15) Which prefix means 10⁻⁶?

1. Centi-
2. Kilo-
3. Micro-
4. Nano-

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.16) What number is a mole?

1. 10⁴²
2. 2.71828
3. 3.14159
4. 6 × 10²³

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.17) Cubic decimeters are more commonly known as:

1. grams
2. liters
3. meters cubed
4. moles

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.18) Which prefix means 0.001?

1. Micro-
2. Centi-
3. Pico-
4. Milli-

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.19) Which is the correct order from largest to smallest?

1. Millimeter, micrometer, nanometer
2. Nanometer, millimeter, micrometer
3. Micrometer, millimeter, nanometer
4. Micrometer, nanometer, millimeter

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.20) Parts per million (ppm) can also be expressed as:

1. cm³
2. dm³
3. mL/billion
4. mg/L

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.21) Which of these is a unit of concentration?

1. M
2. dL
3. mmol
4. μg

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.22) How many millimoles are in a mole?

1. 1,000
2. 10,000
3. 100,000
4. 1 million

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.23) 14.37 mg is the same as:

1. 0.01437 g
2. 0.1437 g
3. 1.437 g
4. 143.7 g

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.24) 200 microliters is how many milliliters?

1. 0.2 mL
2. 2 mL
3. 20 mL
4. 2,000 mL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.25) If a red blood cell is 8 micrometers in diameter, what is its size in millimeters?

1. 0.008 mm
2. 0.8 mm
3. 80 mm
4. 8,000 mm

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.26) A millimeter is a:

1. tenth of a meter
2. hundredth of a meter
3. thousandth of a meter
4. millionth of a meter

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.27) 100 microliters is equal to how many milliliters?

1. 0.01 mL
2. 0.1 mL
3. 1 mL
4. 10 mL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.28) What is 1,010 mg in grams?

1. 0.00101 g
2. 1.01 g
3. 10.1 g
4. 101 g

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.29) What is 10 mg in micrograms?

1. 0.0001 mcg
2. 0.001 mcg
3. 10,000 mcg
4. 100 mcg

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.30) What is 0.05 mL in microliters?

1. 0.0005 μL
2. 0.005 μL
3. 5 μL
4. 50 μL

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.31) To convert micrograms to grams, you need to multiply by:

1. 10⁻³
2. 10⁻⁹
3. 10⁻⁶
4. 10⁻¹⁰

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.32) What is 1 dm³ in cm³?

1. 0.01 cm³
2. 0.1 cm³
3. 10 cm³
4. 1,000 cm³

Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11.33) One femtoliter is equivalent to how many liters?

1. 10⁻²¹
2. 10⁻²⁴
3. 10⁻¹⁵
4. 10⁻¹⁸

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