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1) A telescoping or invagination of one part of the intestine into another is termed:

1. Diverticulosis
2. Volvulus
3. colitis
4. Intussusception

Reveal answer 2) Which part of the small intestine makes up three fifths of its entirety?

1. Duodenum
2. Ileum
3. Ilium
4. Jejunum

Reveal answer 3) Which structures create a normal indentation seen along the lateral border of the esophagus?

1. aortic arch & pulmonary veins
2. aortic arch & left primary bronchus
3. aortic arch & pulmonary artery
4. aortic arch & superior vena cava

Reveal answer 4) Which of the following functions are performed by the gallbladder?

1. Storage of bile
2. Concentration of bile
3. Contraction and release of bile
4. All of the above

Reveal answer 5) Which of the following conditions may produce the "cobblestone" or "string" sign?

1. Giardiasis
2. Regional enteritis
3. Ileus
4. Whipple's disease

Reveal answer 6) Any inflammation of the intestine is called?

1. Ileus
2. Enteritis
3. Adynamic or paralytic ileus
4. Gastritis

Reveal answer 7) While attempting to insert an enema tip into the rectum, the technologist experiences resistance. What should be the next step taken by the technologist?

1. Re-try the insertion using more lubrication
2. Have the radiologist insert it using fluoroscopic guidance
3. Cancel the procedure
4. Ask the patient to try to insert it himself

Reveal answer 8) The RAO position best demonstrates the _____ colic flexure with the CR and image receptor centered to the level of _____.

1. Right; iliac crest
2. Left; iliac crest
3. right; 1-2 inches above the iliac crest
4. left; 1-2 inches above the iliac crest

Reveal answer 9) What is the older term for the hepatopancreatic sphincter?

1. Duodenal papilla
2. Sphincter of Vater
3. Duodenal sphincter
4. Sphincter of Odde

Reveal answer 10) If continuing the examination beyond the 2 hour time frame becomes necessary, at what time interval are radiographs taken?

1. 30 minutes
2. 1 hour
3. 2 hours
4. 3 hours

Reveal answer 11) The CR and image receptor should be centered about _____ higher for the 15 or 30 minute small bowel image than for the later images.

1. 2 inches
2. 4 inches
3. 6 inches
4. none of the above

Reveal answer 12) What is the term for the longitudinal mucosal folds found within the stomach?

1. gastric canal
2. valvulae conniventes
3. haustra
4. rugae

Reveal answer 13) What structure enables the kidneys to be visualized on plain abdominal radiographs?

1. Adipose capsule
2. Renal pyramids
3. Major & minor calyces
4. High volume of blood in the kidneys

Reveal answer 14) Which part of the large intestine is located highest, or most superior, in the abdomen?

1. Transverse
2. Ascending colon
3. Left colic flexure
4. Right colic flexure

Reveal answer 15) Which part of the large intestine must be demonstrated during evacuative proctography?

1. Haustra
2. Rectal ligamen
3. Anorectal angle
4. Sigmoid colon

Reveal answer 16) Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the rectum?

1. Level of the iliac crest at the midsagittal plane
2. Level of the ASIS at the midcoronal plane
3. Level of the ASIS at the the midsagittal
4. Level of the iliac crest at the midcoronal place

Reveal answer 17) In what position is the patient placed for the enema tip insertion?

1. Prone
2. Modified lithotomy
3. Lithotomy
4. Sims'

Reveal answer 18) An infant is brought to the ER with a possible intussusception. Which of the following procedures may actually correct this condition?

1. Defecography
2. Barium or air enema
3. Small bowel series
4. Small bowel enema

Reveal answer 19) What is the classification of barium sulfate as a contrast media?

1. Radiopaque
2. Radiolucent
3. Isodense
4. Negative contrast media

Reveal answer 20) During a double-contrast BE procedure the radiologist suspects a polyp in the descending colon. Which position would best demonstrate this?

1. Left lateral decubitus
2. Right lateral decubitus
3. 45o erect PA projection
4. Supine for AP projection

Reveal answer 21) How much obliquity is required for the RAO position for the esophagus?

1. 10-15 degrees
2. 45-60 degrees
3. 35-40 degrees
4. 20-30 degrees

Reveal answer 22) How much CR angulation is required for the AP axial projection?

1. 20o to 25o
2. 45o
3. 10o to 15o
4. 30o to 40o

Reveal answer 23) Which of the following esophagram projections and/or positions will project the majority of the esophagus over the spine?

1. AP
2. Left lateral
3. RAO
4. LAO

Reveal answer 24) Situation: A patient comes to radiology with a history of gastric ulcer. Which of the following procedures would be most diagnostic of this lesion?

1. Double-contrast UG series
2. Single-contrast UG series
3. Oral, water-soluble UG series
4. Carbon dioxide UG series

Reveal answer 25) Which part(s) of the colon will most likely be filled with air with the patient in the prone position?

1. Ascending colon, descending colon, & rectum
2. Transverse & sigmoid colon
3. Rectum only
4. Right & left colic flexure & sigmoid colon

Reveal answer 26) Which of the following procedures is considered a functional study?

1. Barium enema
2. Enteroclysis
3. Air-contrast barium enema
4. Small bowel series

Reveal answer 27) Which of the following statements is true about barium sulfate?

1. it should be discarded if not used within an hour after mixing
2. it is soluble in water
3. it rarely produces an allergic reaction
4. the patient may become ill if it is not prepared with sterile water

Reveal answer 28) How much rotation of the body is required for the LAO position during a barium enema?

1. 10-15 degrees
2. 20-25 degrees
3. 35-45 degrees
4. 0 degrees

Reveal answer 29) What does the Chassard-Lapine demonstrate?

1. Rectum, retro sigmoid junction, sigmoid
2. Cecum
3. Ileocecal valve
4. Transverse colon

Reveal answer 30) Which of the following conditions is an example of GERD?

1. esophageal varices
2. esophageal reflux
3. bezoar
4. gastric carcinoma

Reveal answer 31) Which part of the small intestine has the largest diameter?

1. Cecum
2. Duodenum
3. Ileum
4. Jejunum

Reveal answer 32) When is a small bowel series deemed to be complete?

1. Once the contrast media passes the duodenojejunal flexure
2. Once the contrast media reaches the rectum
3. Two hours after the ingestion of barium
4. Once the contrast media passes the ileocecal valve

Reveal answer 33) Which of the following barium enema projections/positions provides the greatest amount of gonadal dose to both male and female patients?

1. AP/PA
2. AP axial
3. Left lateral decubitus
4. Lateral rectum

Reveal answer 34) A high and transverse stomach would be found in a(n) _____ patient.

1. hyposthenic
2. sthenic
3. asthenic
4. hypersthenic

Reveal answer 35) Which part(s) of the colon will most likely be filled with air with the patient in the prone position?

1. Ascending, descending colons and rectum
2. Rectum only
3. Right & Left colic flexure & sigmoid
4. Transverse and sigmoid colon

Reveal answer 36) Obstruction of the small intestine is calledd?

1. Ileus
2. Neoplasm
3. Enteritis
4. Ileum

Reveal answer 37) The number of x-ray photons that strike the digital detector can be classified as:

1. noise
2. kV
3. signal
4. density

Reveal answer 38) Which specific part of the pancreas is adjacent to the C-loop of the duodenum?

1. tail
2. body
3. neck
4. head

Reveal answer 39) Which aspect of the stomach is attached to the duodenum?

1. cardiac
2. pylorus
3. body
4. fundus

Reveal answer 40) Which of the following cardinal principles of radiation protection is most effective in reducing dose to the technologist during fluoroscopy?

1. Time
2. Distance
3. Intensity
4. Shielding

Reveal answer 41) What is the final step taken before making the exposure during a positioning routine?

1. Image receptor centering
2. Placing anatomic markers on cassette
3. Ensuring correct gonadal shield placement
4. Collimation adjustments

Reveal answer 42) Which part ofthe GI tract synthesizes and absorbs vitamins B and K?

1. Duodenum
2. Large intestine
3. Ileum
4. Jejunum

Reveal answer 43) Radiographic examination of the biliary ducts only is termed:

1. cholelithiasis
2. cholangiography
3. cholecystography
4. cholecystocholangiography

Reveal answer 44) During a single-contrast barium enema, the radiologist detects a possible defect within the right colic flexure. Which of the following projections/positions will best demonstrate this region of the colon?

1. AP Axial
2. LAO
3. LPO
4. RPO

Reveal answer 45) What is the term for the three bands of muscle that pull the large intestine into pouches?

1. Haustra
2. Valvulae conniventes
3. Suspensory ligaments
4. Taenia coli

Reveal answer 46) The tip of the catheter is advanced to the __ during an enteroclysis.

1. Ileocecal sphincter
2. Duodenojejunal flexure
3. C-loop of the duodenum
4. Pyloric sphincter

Reveal answer 47) The esophagus is located _____ to the larynx.

1. proximal
2. anterior
3. posterior
4. inferior

Reveal answer 48) CR and image receptor centering for a 1-hour small bowel radiograph should be:

1. 2 in above level of crest
2. At level of ASIS
3. 1 in below level of crest
4. At level of iliac crest

Reveal answer 49) The LAO position best demonstrates the _____ colic flexure with the CR and image receptor centered to the level of _____.

1. Right; iliac crest
2. Left; iliac crest
3. right; 1-2 inches above the iliac crest
4. left; 1-2 inches above the iliac crest

Reveal answer 50) Situation: A radiograph taken during an upper GI series demonstrates poor visibility of the gastric mucosa. The following factors were used: 80 kV, 30 mAs, 1/40-second exposure with high speed receptors. Barium sulfate was used during the procedure. Which of the following factors needs to be modified during the repeat exposure:

1. Use of detail-speed screens
2. Shortened exposure time
3. Use of a water-soluble contrast
4. Increased kV

Reveal answer 51) The ideal kVp range for a double-contrast barium enema is:

1. 100 to 125 kVp
2. 130 to 140 kVp
3. 70 to 80 kVp
4. 90 to 100 kVp

Reveal answer 52) A patient comes to radiology with a history of rectocele. Which of the following procedures will best demonstrate this condition?

1. Evacuative protogram
2. Single-contrast barium enema
3. Enteroclysis
4. Double-contrast barium enema

Reveal answer 53) Which of the following upper GI projections and/or positions will best fill the body and pylorus with barium?

1. LPO
2. PA
3. AP
4. Right lateral

Reveal answer 54) How long does it usually take the barium to reach the large bowel in the healthy adult?

1. 1
2. 2-3
3. 4
4. 6

Reveal answer 55) Once food enters the stomach and is mixed with gastric secretions, it is termed:

1. lipids
2. chyme
3. bile
4. biologic catalysts

Reveal answer 56) What is the primary purpose of the membranous folds located within the cystic duct?

1. prevents distention or collapse of the cystic duct
2. produces cholecystokinin
3. prevents gallstones from entering the gallbladder
4. provides blood supply to the gallbladder

Reveal answer 57) Toward which aspect(s) of the stomach will barium gravitate with the patient in a prone position?

1. cardiac
2. body & pylorus
3. fundus
4. fundus & body

Reveal answer 58) Why would a patient undergo Valsalva maneuver during an esophagram?

1. to demonstrate possible esophagitis
2. to demonstrate possible esophageal varices
3. to demonstrate possible esophageal reflux
4. to demonstrate a possible bezoar

Reveal answer 59) During a small bowel series when is the 2nd cup of barium administered?

1. 15 minutes after the first
2. 30 minutes after the first
3. Together with the first
4. A second cup is not needed

Reveal answer 60) Urine will travel from the major calyces to the:

1. renal pelvis
2. ureter
3. minor calyces
4. renal pyramids

Reveal answer 61) Which part of the colon has the greatest amount of potential movement?

1. Transverse colon
2. Ascending colon
3. Sigmoid colon
4. Descending colon

Reveal answer 62) What is another term for the AP axial projection?

1. Sim's position
2. Butterfly position
3. Chassard-Lapine
4. Smith position

Reveal answer 63) Which of the following structures is not considered part of the colon?

1. Transverse colon
2. Right and Left colic flexures
3. Rectum
4. All of the above are part of the colon

Reveal answer 64) Why is it important for the technologist to review the patient's chart and inform the radiologist before beginning the BE exam if a biopsy was performed as part of a prior sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy procedure?

1. The radiologist would want to confer with the referring physician to see whether the biopsy revealed a malignancy
2. The biopsy of the colon may weaken that portion of the colon, which could lead to a perforation during the BE exam
3. A sigmoidoscopy or colonoscope would make the barium enema exam unnecessary
4. None of the above; the radiologist does not need to know this information before the

Reveal answer 65) The term describing a double-contrast small bowel procedure is:

1. Diagnostic intubation
2. Enteroclysis
3. Two-stage small bowel procedure
4. None of the above

Reveal answer 66) At what stage of respiration should the enema tip be inserted into the rectum?

1. During shallow breaths
2. Suspended expiration
3. Suspended inspiration
4. During deep breaths

Reveal answer 67) A twisting of the intestine on its own mesentery is termed:

1. Intussusception
2. Enteritis
3. Diverticulum
4. Volvulus

Reveal answer 68) Which term describers the outer, lateral border of the stomach?

1. incisura angularis
2. lesser curvature
3. gastric border
4. greater curvature

Reveal answer 69) Which part of the large intestine is located between the rectum and the descending colon?

1. Sigmoid colon
2. Right colic flexure
3. Cecum
4. Left colic flexure

Reveal answer 70) Which radiographic sign is frequently seen with carcinoma of the colon?

1. Sail" sign
2. Thickened mucosa
3. "Napkin ring" or "apple core" sign
4. Diverticula

Reveal answer 71) The RAO position of the esophagus is preferred over the LAO because it:

1. is easier for the patient to hold the cup of barium in his left hand
2. reduces thyroid exposure to the patient
3. increases the visibility of the esophagus between the vertebrae and heart
4. is a more comfortable position for the patient

Reveal answer 72) A radiograph of an AP barium enema projection reveals poor visualization of the sigmoid due to excessive superimposition of the sigmoid colon and rectum. How can this area be better visualized on the repeat exposure?

1. Angle the CR 30o to 40o cephalad with AP projection
2. Increase kVp
3. Take PA projection with a 30o to 40o cephalad CR angle
4. Take PA projection with the patient in the left lateral decubitus position

Reveal answer 73) Patient preparation for an esophagram includes:

1. NPO 4 - 6 hours before the procedure
2. NPO 30 mins to 1 hour before the procedure
3. NPO 4 - 6 hours and no smoking or gum chewing before the procedure
4. None of the above since UGI series is not scheduled to follow

Reveal answer 74) Which part of the large intestine has the widest diameter?

1. Descending colon
2. Transverse colon
3. Cecum
4. Ascending colon

Reveal answer 75) Which of the following pathologic conditions is best demonstrated with evacuative proctography?

1. Intussusception
2. Diverticulosis
3. Volvulus
4. Rectal prolapse

Reveal answer 76) Which division of the duodenum contains the duodenal bulb or cap?

1. second (descending)
2. third (horizontal)
3. first (superior)
4. fourth (ascending)

Reveal answer 77) The liver is divided into _____ major and minor lobes.

1. two
2. four
3. three
4. six

Reveal answer 78) Which of the following is not a main subdivision of the stomach?

1. body
2. cardium
3. fundus
4. pylorus

Reveal answer 79) Which of the following positions best demonstrates the left colic flexure?

1. Left lateral
2. LPO
3. LAO
4. Left lateral decubitus

Reveal answer 80) The act of swallowing is termed:

1. deglutition
2. digestion
3. aphasia
4. mastication

Reveal answer 81) What type of contrast medium should be administered for a patient with possible volvulus?

1. Barium & air
2. Carbon dioxide
3. barium sulfate
4. iodinated water-soluble

Reveal answer 82) Centering of the CR for an esophagram should be to the vertebral level of:

1. T5 or T6
2. the sternal angle
3. T3 or T4
4. T7

Reveal answer 83) Protective aprons worn during fluoroscopy must possess at least _____mm lead equialency.

1. 0.5
2. 0.25
3. 1
4. 0.75

Reveal answer 84) What is a potential risk associated with the use of water-soluble contrast agents, especially for geriatric patients?

1. bowel obstruction
2. cardiac arrest
3. shock
4. dehydration

Reveal answer 85) What is an older term for the pancreatic duct?

1. Duct of Wirsung
2. Duct of Langerhans
3. Hepatopancreatic duct
4. Ampulla of Vater

Reveal answer 86) SITUATION: During a single-contrast barium enema, the radiologist detects a possible defect within the right colic flexure. Which of the following projections/positions best demonstrates this region of the colon?

1. RPO
2. LAO
3. AP axial
4. LPO

Reveal answer 87) During the initial enema tip insertion, the tip is aimed:

1. Toward the coccyx
2. Directly posterior
3. Directly superior
4. Toward the umbilicus

Reveal answer 88) Which projection/position is most commonly performed during an evacuative proctogram?

1. AP Axial
2. Lateral
3. RPO and LPO
4. AP erect

Reveal answer 89) What type of breathing instructions should be given to the patient during an esophagram using a thin barium mixture?

1. shallow breathing and continued swallowing during exposure
2. suspended inspiration after the last swallow
3. make exposure immediately after last bolus is swallowed (patient will not be breathing immediately after swallow)
4. suspended respiration while continuing to swallow

Reveal answer 90) Why is the PA rather than the AP recommended for a small bowel series?

1. Places small intestine closer to film
2. Better separation of loops of small intestine
3. Less gonadal dose for female patients
4. More comfortable for patient

Reveal answer 91) Which part of the small intestine has a feathery appearance when filled with barrium?

1. Ilium
2. Jejunum
3. Cecum
4. Duodenum

Reveal answer 92) At what level should the CR and image receptor be centered for the RAO or PA upper GI projection and/or position on a sthenic-body type of patient?

1. lower costal margin
2. L3-4
3. L2
4. iliac crest

Reveal answer 93) The patient must be NPO a minimum of _____ hours before the small bowel series.

1. 4
2. 6
3. 8
4. 24

Reveal answer 94) The normal creatinine level for an adult is:

1. 0.1 to 0.5
2. 0.6 to 1.5
3. 3 to 4.5
4. 6 to 7.5

Reveal answer 95) Which of the following is a chronic inflammatory disease of the GI tract?

1. Malabsorption syndrome
2. Giardiasis
3. Regional enteritis (Crohn's disease)
4. Cholera

Reveal answer 96) A patient comes to radiology for a barium enema. He has a possible fistula extending from the rectum to the urinary bladder. Which of the following projections/positions would best demonstrate the fistula?

1. AP erect
2. Lateral rectum
3. LPO and RPO
4. LPO axial projection

Reveal answer 97) SITUATION: A patient comes to radiology for a double-contrast barium enema. The patient cannot lie on her side during the study. Which of the following projections could replace the lateral rectum projection?

1. AP axial
2. LPO axial projection
3. ventral decubitus
4. dorsal decubitus

Reveal answer 98) The liver is located primarily in the _____ of the abdomen.

1. LLQ
2. LUQ
3. RLQ
4. RUQ

Reveal answer 99) SITUATION: A patient comes to the radiology department with possible diverticulosis . Which of the following studies is most diagnostic for detecting this condition?

1. Single-contrast barium enema
2. Double-contrast barium enema
3. Evacuative proctogram
4. Small bowel series

Reveal answer 100) The "tapered" or "corkscrew" radiographic sign is often seen with:

1. Intussusception
2. Volvulus
3. Neoplasm
4. Diverticulosis

Reveal answer 101) Gastritis is defined as inflammation of the:

1. large intestine
2. small intestine
3. pancreas
4. stomach

Reveal answer 102) What type of solution is formed when barium is mixed with water?

1. Water-soluble solution
2. Isotonic solution
3. Hypotonic solution
4. Colloidal suspension

Reveal answer 103) Which aspect of the gallbladder is located most posterior within the abdomen?

1. neck
2. fundus
3. apex
4. body

Reveal answer 104) The "stove pipe" radiographic sign is often seen with:

1. Neoplasm
2. Volvulus
3. Long-term ulcerative colitis
4. Intussusception

Reveal answer 105) Most esophagrams begin with the patient:

1. recumbent-prone
2. in a left lateral decubitus position
3. erect
4. recumbent-supine

Reveal answer

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