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Legal Medicine and Medical Ethics

Number of questions: 36

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1) Which principle of ethics says to "do no harm"?
  1. Beneficence
  2. Justice
  3. Nonmaleficence
  4. Respect for autonomy
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 2) The principle of double effect:
  1. is a principle of diminishing returns
  2. is the Principle of Utility
  3. means it is acceptable to knowingly cause harm in pursuit of some good
  4. means it is not acceptable to knowingly cause harm in pursuit of some good
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 3) A fully conscious and oriented patient with advanced renal cancer expressed clearly his wish verbally to his treating doctor not to receive chemotherapy or resuscitation. He would prefer to die in peace. A few days later, the patient becomes unconscious. The patient’s family asks the doctor to give the patient chemotherapy. What should you do if you recognize a conflict between the known verbal wishes of a patient and the decision of his family?
  1. Be ready to seek a court intervention
  2. Don’t listen to the family
  3. Follow the family’s request, and give chemotherapy
  4. Refer the patient to another team for second opinion
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 4) What is required for maintaining human dignity, or remaining human, in bio-ethics?
  1. A good
  2. A necessary good
  3. A transcendental good
  4. An obligatory good
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 5) Understanding and appreciating patient’s need and worries are important keys for proper treatment. What is the most worrying and stressing question, any patient may has as you advise him for admission?
  1. How long need I to stay in the hospital?
  2. What is the visiting time?
  3. What is wrong with me?
  4. Who is/are my treating team/s?
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 6) With regard to relationship with the pharmaceutical industry:
  1. doctors should regularly seek assistance for holidays abroad
  2. must strive to attend all academic activities such as panel discussion and Lectures at holiday resorts
  3. should pay more attention to the pharmaceutical literature
  4. there should be mutual pooling to promote welfare of the health institutions
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 7) In Behavioral Sciences, the Bio-Psycho-Social (BPS) model of health care is best described as:
  1. a method in which a patient should be seen psychologist and a social worker
  2. biological aspects of disease being more being more important than psychosocial aspects
  3. the management of Psychological and social Issues of patients
  4. the use of social and psychological factors alongside the biological aspects of the illness
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 8) Granted informed consent ethically means:
  1. a routine procedure in the hospital
  2. the patient and family signed to accept complications including death as outcome of treatment or surgery
  3. the patient consents to accept any complication
  4. the physician/surgeon should do what is medically indicated, and ought to be for the good for the patient and cause no harm
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 9) A hospital has a large number of unreported incidents of needle stick injuries. There is no reporting system in place. The victims of maleficence here are the:
  1. communities
  2. employees
  3. families
  4. patients
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 10) According to the ethical principles, the benefits we are obliged to provide as healthcare professionals are specified in part by:
  1. our contract with the hospital or clinic
  2. our employer, the law, our conscience
  3. our relationship, role, and agreements
  4. our upbringing and personal values
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 11) Medical ethics concerns the importance of patients understanding the consequences of their consent. Which of these is often left out but may be just as important to the patient?
  1. Understanding the expense (there may be hidden costs)
  2. Understanding the harm it might cause physicians (it might increase hospital costs)
  3. Understanding the legal consequences (it might get them into trouble)
  4. Understanding the nature of their consent (it may involve lying, breaking a promise, etc.)
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 12) Bioethics science suggests that health care has moved, historically, from the __________ model to respect for autonomy.
  1. Contractual
  2. Covenant
  3. Engineering
  4. Priestly
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 13) People with a Type A personality have an increased risk of:
  1. ear disease
  2. eye disease
  3. heart disease
  4. psychiatric disorders
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 14) A 25-year-old healthy man dies in a fatal road traffic accident; he has advance directives about his organ donations. Who would most likely receive the man's liver?
  1. A 45-year-old alcoholic with irreversible liver failure
  2. A 75-year-old women with extreme dementia and end-stage renal failure
  3. A 35-year-old entrepreneur with acute renal failure
  4. A 10-year-old boy with multi organ failure and brain death
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 15) The four main principles of medical ethics are:
  1. autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice
  2. autonomy, privacy, respect, and confidentiality
  3. veracity, privacy, beneficence, and nonmaleficence
  4. veracity, privacy, confidentiality, and fidelity
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 16) A 35-year-old man is admitted with pain in the right knee. Investigations reveal that he is suffering from end-stage osteosarcoma and he needs extensive chemotherapy and radiotherapy. He has a living will that if he is ever diagnosed with cancer, he does not want to be aggressively treated by chemotherapy, radiotherapy and other therapies. However, the physician treats him with all sorts of treatment possible to cure his cancer. The physician is exercising:
  1. ideal beneficence
  2. obligatory beneficence
  3. paternalism
  4. specific beneficence
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 17) A 34-year-old woman comes to the ER with her 20-day-old baby who is suffering from a lesion in his groin. The ER nurse notices the lesion and knows that such lesions in neonates, if not treated timely, can lead to fatal outcomes. However, the ER physician examines the baby and finds him to be alert, pink and active, and so sends the baby back home. 24 hours later, the baby returns to the ER. He is unconscious, cyanosed, and has severe breathlessness and several lesions on his trunk. The health care providers have committed which form of harm to the patient?
  1. Advertent negligence
  2. Assault
  3. Battery
  4. Inadvertent negligence
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 18) You are a female doctor and a male patient has entered your clinic. He is wearing unsuitable clothes and approaches you very closely and starts asking you personal questions in a seductive tone. What should you do?
  1. Call in a nurse
  2. Call the police
  3. Refuse to examine him
  4. Use open ended questioning technique
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 19) A doctor, on account of his physical appearance, mannerism, or personality qualities, reminds the patient of his or her father. This is can be explained by the phenomenon of:
  1. confidentiality
  2. informed consent
  3. resistance
  4. transference
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 20) A 62-year-old man just had a tumour biopsy of the thalamus showing Glioblastoma. As you leave the OR, you see his brother in the hall, and he begs you not to tell his father because the knowledge would kill him even faster. A family conference to discuss the prognosis is already scheduled for later that afternoon. What is the best way for the doctor to handle this situation?
  1. Patient should withhold informing the patient about the seriousness of the Glioblastoma because of the grave diagnosis
  2. The doctor should ask the patient how he wants to handle the information in front of the rest of the family, and allow for some family discussion time
  3. The doctor should honor the request of the family member who is protecting his beloved brother from the bad news
  4. The doctor should tell the brother that withholding information is not permitted under any circumstance
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 21) A 75-year-old male patient suffering from metastatic cancer of the prostate is admitted to hospice for palliative comfort care. He asks the doctor to increase his dose of narcotics analgesics to relieve his pain and suffering. However, the doctor is reluctant to increase the dose because the patient already has the maximum possible dose of analgesics and a further increase in dose will only hasten the patient’s death. Under the rule of double effect (RDE), to maximize comfort and to decrease pain and suffering, analgesics’ dose could be increased. The physician can take decisions only if it satisfies the following:
  1. The nature of the act
  2. The agent’s intention
  3. The distinction between means and effects
  4. All of the above conditions must be fulfilled to justify that benefits outweigh the harm
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 22) Paternalism among doctors is not an ethical attitude because it conflicts with:
  1. doctors' autonomy
  2. doctors’ tasks and duties
  3. medical care
  4. patient autonomy
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 23) You operated on a 46-year-old patient for removal of large ICH. The patient remained in a coma. Three days later, the patient had a heart attack and died in ICU. As you are leaving the ICU, the patient’s wife rushes to you in the hospital corridor, asking about her husband. What should you do?
  1. Ask her to bring members of her family and meet you later
  2. Calm her and ask a nurse or other female doctor to join you to a private room to inform her about the death of her husband
  3. Inform her that her husband just passed away
  4. Refer her to the ICU staff to ask them
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 24) A famous movie star fractures his vertebrae due to an accident and becomes quadriplegic; he is paralyzed below the neck. He made his advance directive that clearly states that he no longer wanted to live a life of a persistent vegetative state and so he wants physician-assisted suicide. His family is against his decision and wants to make him live. They hope further research in stem cells and genomics will find a cure for his quadriplegic state. Ethical considerations in decision making for the movie star will include:
  1. an integrated model: coherence theory
  2. bottom up models: cases and inductive generalization
  3. four quadrant approach: Aristotle virtue theory
  4. principlism and common morality theory
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 25) The concept of justice in ethics is:
  1. For all medical Professionals to do good for all patients under circumstances
  2. an obligation of the patient to the society
  3. taken as patients right to choose or refuse treatment
  4. that the health resources must be distributed according to the principals of equity
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 26) Informed consent should not include the “Patient Preference rule” for specifying questions because these questions:
  1. absolve patients from their duties
  2. invite wasting time with silly questions
  3. suggest patients are competent to make decisions themselves
  4. take power out of the hands of doctors
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 27) Medical ethics:
  1. is covered by Hippocratic Oath
  2. is the code of conduct of doctor’s professional life
  3. is the study of legal aspects of a doctor’s professional life
  4. is the study of moral aspects of a doctor’s professional life
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 28) The information in informed consent must be:
  1. communicated free of emotion
  2. delivered in writing
  3. strictly medical
  4. understood by the patient
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 29) Which of these is not considered when triaging patients?
  1. Excessive bleeding
  2. Pain
  3. Patient responsibility for their condition
  4. Spine injuries
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 30) How should you ethically handle cases of “double effects” where your surgical or medical action will produce both bad results and good results?
  1. Your actions should be written in literature
  2. Your actions should conforms to society’s norms
  3. Your actions should not go directly against the dignity of the patient
  4. Your actions should should be endorsed by senior consultants
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 31) The classification of patients as intellectually subnormal or confused may put ethical consideration on:
  1. their ability to give informed consent
  2. their autonomy
  3. their guilt of negligence
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 32) You are a male doctor and a female patient comes to your clinic wearing revealing clothes. She comes up very close to the doctor and starts asking personal questions in a seductive tone. What would be the appropriate response?
  1. Ask about her personal life
  2. Call in a nurse
  3. Refuse to examine her
  4. Use an open ended questioning technique
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 33) The bio-ethical principle and the rational choice principle mainly guide:
  1. insurance companies
  2. patients
  3. physicians
  4. surrogates
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 34) What does the autonomy principle of bioethics mean?
  1. Self-awareness
  2. Self-governance
  3. Self-promotion
  4. Selfishness
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 35) What are the four pillars of medical ethics?
  1. Beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, autonomy
  2. Dignity, privacy, compassion, accountability
  3. Professionalism, consequentialism, trust, responsibility
  4. Professionalism, sensitivity, integrity, confidentiality
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them. 36) A researcher tries to invent new a cure for cancer. He injects himself with cancer cells to see its impact on human blood chemistry and then through his own blood samples will further progress to synthesize vaccine for prevention of occurrence of fatal cancer. The theory and principle of ethics go parallel here are:
  1. beneficence and theory of virtue ethics
  2. fiduciary and principlism theory of ethics
  3. justice and Kantianism theory
  4. nonmaleficence and deontology theory
Answers are locked. Please click here to buy them.

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